用于RES-NOVA实验的由考古铅生产的千克级PbWO $_4$低温探测器的放射性纯度
Radiopurity of a kg-scale PbWO$_4$ cryogenic detector produced from archaeological Pb for the RES-NOVA experiment
摘要：
RES-NOVA是一个新提出的实验，用于探测来自天体物理源（主要是超新星）的中微子，使用由考古铅制成的PbWO $_4$晶体制成的低温探测器阵列。这种非传统的材料，其特征在于固有的高放射性纯度，能够实现低背景水平的中微子检测通过相干弹性中微子核散射（CE $ν$ NS）的兴趣区域。该信号位于探测器能量阈值O（1 keV）处，并且预期其被晶体吸收体的天然存在的放射性污染物隐藏。在这里，我们提出了一个0.84公斤PbWO $_4$晶体从考古铅作为低温探测器操作产生的放射性纯度测定的结果。晶体内部放射性污染物为：$^{232}$ Th $<$ 40 $μ$ Bq/kg、$^{238}$ U $<$ 30 $μ$ Bq/kg、$^{226}$ Ra 1.3 mBq/kg和$^{210}$ Pb 22.5 mBq/kg。我们还提出了一个最终实验的背景投影和可能的缓解策略，进一步的背景抑制。所取得的结果表明，实现这类新的检测器的可行性。
英文摘要：
RES-NOVA is a newly proposed experiment for the detection of neutrinos from astrophysical sources, mainly Supernovae, using an array of cryogenic detectors made of PbWO$_4$ crystals produced from archaeological Pb. This unconventional material, characterized by intrinsic high radiopurity, enables to achieve low-background levels in the region of interest for the neutrino detection via Coherent Elastic neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CE$ν$NS). This signal lies at the detector energy threshold, O(1 keV), and it is expected to be hidden by naturally occurring radioactive contaminants of the crystal absorber. Here, we present the results of a radiopurity assay on a 0.84 kg PbWO$_4$ crystal produced from archaeological Pb operated as a cryogenic detector. The crystal internal radioactive contaminations are: $^{232}$Th $<$40 $μ$Bq/kg, $^{238}$U $<$30 $μ$Bq/kg, $^{226}$Ra 1.3 mBq/kg and $^{210}$Pb 22.5 mBq/kg. We present also a background projection for the final experiment and possible mitigation strategies for further background suppression. The achieved results demonstrate the feasibility of realizing this new class of detectors.
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