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arXiv 2601.04069eess.SP
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基于模型驱动深度学习的不完美CSI下带中断约束的混合下行波束成形

Hybrid Downlink Beamforming with Outage Constraints under Imperfect CSI using Model-Driven Deep Learning

Technical University of Darmstadt(达姆施塔特工业大学)

Lukas Schynol, Marius Pesavento

AI总结:

针对不完美信道状态信息下的能效混合波束成形与功率分配问题,提出一种基于贪婪选择算法的轻量级模型辅助深度学习架构,通过实例自适应信号模型增强和退火近似损失函数,实现中断约束下的低功耗与高泛化能力。

摘要:

我们考虑在不完美信道状态信息和概率中断约束下的能效多用户混合下行波束成形和功率分配。在该领域,经典优化方法依赖于计算成本高昂的锥优化问题。同时,通用深度网络架构缺乏可解释性,需要大量训练数据才能良好泛化。因此,本文提出一种轻量级模型辅助深度学习架构,基于模拟波束码字的贪婪选择算法。该架构依赖于信号模型的实例自适应增强来估计CSI误差的影响。为了学习深度网络参数,我们推导了嵌套约束波束成形问题的一种新颖且高效的隐式表示,并证明了相应梯度存在的充分条件。在损失函数中,与传统的基于分位数的损失项相比,我们利用基于退火的中断近似。该近似根据当前服务质量违反水平自适应地退火至精确概率约束。仿真验证了所提出的深度网络能够在信道估计和信道压缩导致的CSI误差下达到标称中断水平,同时比基准方法分配更少的功率。因此,单个训练模型能够泛化到不同用户数量、QoS要求和CSI质量水平。我们进一步表明,基于自适应退火的损失函数可以加速训练并实现更好的功率-中断权衡。

英文摘要:

We consider energy-efficient multi-user hybrid downlink beamforming (BF) and power allocation under imperfect channel state information (CSI) and probabilistic outage constraints. In this domain, classical optimization methods resort to computationally costly conic optimization problems. Meanwhile, generic deep network (DN) architectures lack interpretability and require large training data sets to generalize well. In this paper, we therefore propose a lightweight model-aided deep learning architecture based on a greedy selection algorithm for analog beam codewords. The architecture relies on an instance-adaptive augmentation of the signal model to estimate the impact of the CSI error. To learn the DN parameters, we derive a novel and efficient implicit representation of the nested constrained BF problem and prove sufficient conditions for the existence of the corresponding gradient. In the loss function, we utilize an annealing-based approximation of the outage compared to conventional quantile-based loss terms. This approximation adaptively anneals towards the exact probabilistic constraint depending on the current level of quality of service (QoS) violation. Simulations validate that the proposed DN can achieve the nominal outage level under CSI error due to channel estimation and channel compression, while allocating less power than benchmarks. Thereby, a single trained model generalizes to different numbers of users, QoS requirements and levels of CSI quality. We further show that the adaptive annealing-based loss function can accelerate the training and yield a better power-outage trade-off.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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