资源竞争下栖息地破碎化促进空间尺度分离
Habitat fragmentation promotes spatial scale separation under resource competition
AI总结：
本文通过种内竞争与非线性随机游走模型，揭示了栖息地破碎化网络中竞争性状差异导致优势个体聚集于枢纽斑块、弱势个体被排挤至边缘的空间分离机制，并指出该模式可能促进物种形成。
摘要：
栖息地破碎化通常由人类活动驱动，通过破坏连通性和重塑物种相互作用来改变生态景观。在这种破碎化环境中，栖息地可以被建模为网络，个体在相互连接的斑块间扩散。我们考虑一个种内竞争模型，其中个体在按照非线性随机游走进行扩散的同时竞争空间，以捕捉网络的异质性。非对称竞争、扩散动力学和空间异质性之间的相互作用导致了非均匀的物种分布：具有更强竞争性状的个体聚集在中心（枢纽）栖息地斑块，而性状较弱的个体则被排挤到边缘。我们为这一机制提供了分析性见解，并通过数值模拟加以支持，展示了竞争和空间结构如何共同影响物种分离。在大网络极限下，这种效应变得极端，优势个体从边缘斑块消失，而从属个体从中心区域消失，从而建立空间隔离。这种模式可能为物种形成创造有利条件，因为物理分离可以随时间推移强化种群内部的分化。
英文摘要：
Habitat fragmentation, often driven by human activities, alters ecological landscapes by disrupting connectivity and reshaping species interactions. In such fragmented environments, habitats can be modeled as networks, where individuals disperse across interconnected patches. We consider an intraspecific competition model, where individuals compete for space while dispersing according to a nonlinear random walk, capturing the heterogeneity of the network. The interplay between asymmetric competition, dispersal dynamics, and spatial heterogeneity leads to nonuniform species distribution: individuals with stronger competitive traits accumulate in central (hub) habitat patches, while those with weaker traits are displaced toward the periphery. We provide analytical insights into this mechanism, supported by numerical simulations, demonstrating how competition and spatial structure jointly influence species segregation. In the large-network limit, this effect becomes extreme, with dominant individuals disappearing from peripheral patches and subordinate ones from central regions, establishing spatial segregation. This pattern may create favorable conditions for speciation, as physical separation can reinforce divergence within the population over time.
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