栖息地碎片化重塑森林草本植物的选择基因组足迹
Habitat fragmentation reshapes genomic footprints of selection in a forest herb
AI总结：
本研究探讨气候变化与栖息地碎片化对植物适应潜力的联合影响，揭示碎片化如何重塑选择信号并降低气候适应能力，强调保护策略需同时考虑二者。
摘要：
理解气候变化与栖息地碎片化对植物种群适应潜力的联合影响，对于制定有效的保护策略至关重要。在交配系统变异影响栖息地碎片化的进化后果时，这一点尤为重要。在此，我们旨在揭示栖息地碎片化与气候适应如何共同影响Primula elatior的进化轨迹，这是一种异花柱型、自交不亲和且扩散受限的森林草本植物。我们在欧洲范围内对60对地理配对的Primula elatior种群进行了研究，每对种群具有对比鲜明的栖息地碎片化水平，并量化了它们的基因组变异和雌雄异位（一种减少自花授粉的花部性状）程度。研究结果显示，尽管采样对在地理上相近，但与高连通性景观相比，更碎片化的景观中存在大量独特的适应性异常位点。这表明碎片化栖息地中的选择压力升高，同时伴随着应对气候变化的适应潜力降低。最后，少数与雌雄异位相关的遗传变异受到当前栖息地碎片化水平和种群大小的影响，这可能预示着在传粉者限制下，进化性交配系统变化的早期指标。由于预计进化轨迹和适应潜力将日益受到栖息地碎片化的影响，我们的发现强调了在保护研究和规划中同时考虑栖息地碎片化与气候适应的重要性。
英文摘要：
Understanding the combined effects of climate change and habitat fragmentation on the adaptive potential of plant populations is essential for devising effective conservation strategies. This is particularly important where mating system variation impacts the evolutionary consequences of habitat fragmentation. Here we aimed to reveal how habitat fragmentation and climate adaptation jointly influence the evolutionary trajectories in Primula elatior, a heterostylous self-incompatible and dispersal-constrained forest herb. We quantified the genomic variation and degree of herkogamy, a floral trait reducing self-pollination, across 60 geographically paired populations of Primula elatior across Europe, each pair featuring contrasting levels of habitat fragmentation. Our findings revealed a large and unique set of adaptive outliers in more fragmented landscapes, compared to high-connectivity ones, despite the geographic proximity of the sampling pairs. This suggests elevated selective pressures in fragmented habitats, mirrored by a reduced adaptive potential to cope with climate change. Finally, a minority of genetic variants associated with herkogamy were influenced by current levels of habitat fragmentation and population size, potentially signalling early indicators of evolutionary mating system changes in response to pollinator limitation. Because evolutionary trajectories and adaptive potential are expected to be increasingly affected by habitat fragmentation, our findings underscore the importance of considering both habitat fragmentation and climate adaptation in conservation research and planning.
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