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arXiv 1709.07515q-bio.PE
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生态演化动力学和集体扩散:鲑鱼集合种群鲁棒性的含义

Eco-evolutionary dynamics and collective dispersal: implications for salmon metapopulation robustness

Justin D. Yeakel, Jean P. Gibert, Peter A. H. Westley, Jonathan W. Moore

摘要:

个体的空间扩散在种群动态中起着重要的作用,是集合种群理论的核心。与此同时,当地对环境条件的适应创造了一个进化力量的地理马赛克,在那里,选择和基因流动的综合驱动因素相互作用。虽然个体从供体到受体种群的扩散提供了集合种群内的联系,促进了人口和进化的拯救,但它也可能将不适应的个体引入到不同环境条件的栖息地宿主中,潜在地降低了受体种群的适应性。在这里,我们探讨了一个模型的生态演化动力学两个种群之间的扩散,其中每个生产力的定义是由一个性状复杂,是受当地的选择。虽然一般的性质,我们的模型的灵感来自鲑鱼集合种群,种群之间的扩散定义的偏离率,这已被证明是密度依赖。我们的模型的结果表明,不断发展的人口之间的偏离增加导致替代稳定状态,这有很大的和非线性的影响,两个措施的集合种群的鲁棒性:投资组合效应和时间恢复后诱导的干扰。我们发现,中间水平的流浪导致大收益的鲁棒性,增加栖息地的异质性,促进鲁棒性时,流浪率低,和侵蚀鲁棒性时,流浪率高。最后,我们表明,密度依赖的流浪促进鲁棒性,特别是当总生物量低,流浪是相应的高,这对鲑鱼集合种群面临自然和人为干扰的保护具有重要的影响。

英文摘要:

The spatial dispersal of individuals is known to play an important role in the dynamics of populations, and is central to metapopulation theory. At the same time, local adaptation to environmental conditions creates a geographic mosaic of evolutionary forces, where the combined drivers of selection and gene flow interact. Although the dispersal of individuals from donor to recipient populations provides connections within the metapopulation, promoting demographic and evolutionary rescue, it may also introduce maladapted individuals into habitats host to different environmental conditions, potentially lowering the fitness of the recipient population. Here we explore a model of the eco-evolutionary dynamics between two populations connected by dispersal, where the productivity of each is defined by a trait complex that is subject to local selection. Although general in nature, our model is inspired by salmon metapopulations, where dispersal between populations is defined in terms of the straying rate, which has been shown to be density-dependent. The results of our model reveal that increased straying between evolving populations leads to alternative stable states, which has large and nonlinear effects on two measures of metapopulation robustness: the portfolio effect and the time to recovery following an induced disturbance. We show that intermediate levels of straying result in large gains in robustness, and that increased habitat heterogeneity promotes robustness when straying rates are low, and erodes robustness when straying rates are high. Finally, we show that density-dependent straying promotes robustness, particularly when the aggregate biomass is low and straying is correspondingly high, which has important ramifications for the conservation of salmon metapopulations facing both natural and anthropogenic disturbances.

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