生物多样性空间结构化系统中扩散的原因与后果：哪些是旧识，哪些是新知？
Causes and consequences of dispersal in biodiverse spatially structured systems: what is old and what is new?
AI总结：
本文探讨单物种扩散进化理论在生物多样性空间结构化系统中的适用性，提出性状维度增加和协同扩散会调节扩散进化，并推测其可能导致进化更慢且更弥散。
摘要：
扩散是公认的生态与进化动力学驱动因素，同时也是一个不断进化的性状。传统上，扩散进化主要在单物种集合种群中研究，因此扩散如何在空间结构化的群落和食物网中进化仍不清楚。由于大多数自然系统具有生物多样性且空间结构化，并因此受到扩散及其进化的影响，这一知识空白应当被填补。本文讨论了在单物种系统中建立的知识是否适用于空间结构化的多物种系统，并强调普遍有效的基本原理。大多数生物相互作用构成了进化扩散这出戏的生态舞台，因为相互作用在空间和时间上介导了适合度期望的模式。虽然这使得某些已知驱动因素可以简单地移植到多物种情境中，但其他驱动因素可能需要更复杂的移植，或者可能无法转移。我们讨论了生物多样性元系统中性状维度增加对扩散进化的一个重要定量调节作用，以及协同扩散中的一个额外驱动因素。我们推测，由于协同扩散导致的尺度与选择压力不匹配，加上性状维度增加，可能导致生物多样性元系统中的进化更慢且更“弥散”。在生态学和进化论意义上的开放问题及潜在后果需要更多研究。
英文摘要：
Dispersal is a well recognized driver of ecological and evolutionary dynamics, and simultaneously an evolving trait. Dispersal evolution has traditionally been studied in single-species metapopulations so that it remains unclear how dispersal evolves in spatially structured communities and food webs. Since most natural systems are biodiverse and spatially structured, and thus affected by dispersal and its evolution, this knowledge gap should be bridged. Here we discuss whether knowledge established in single-species systems holds in spatially structured multispecies systems and highlight generally valid and fundamental principles. Most biotic interactions form the ecological theatre for the evolutionary dispersal play because interactions mediate patterns of fitness expectations in space and time. While this allows for a simple transposition of certain known drivers to a multispecies context, other drivers may require more complex transpositions, or might not be transferred. We discuss an important quantitative modulator of dispersal evolution in the increased trait dimensionality of biodiverse meta-systems and an additional driver in co-dispersal. We speculate that scale and selection pressure mismatches due to co-dispersal, together with increased trait dimensionality may lead to slower and more "diffuse" evolution in biodiverse meta-systems. Open questions and potential consequences in both ecological and evolutionary terms call for more investigation.
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