网络分析识别集合种群系统中的弱链接和强链接
Network analysis identifies weak and strong links in a metapopulation system
摘要：
确定关键种群塑造集合种群系统的结构和连通性是人口生态学的一个重大挑战。分子标记在群体遗传学理论框架中的应用使这一领域取得了巨大进展，但量化每个群体在系统中的作用的首要问题仍未解决。此外，经典方法的使用和解释仍然受到需要先验信息和基本假设的限制，而这些在自然系统中很少得到尊重。网络理论应用于映射的遗传结构，在集合种群系统中使用微卫星数据的受威胁的海草，Posidonia oceanica，在其整个地理范围内的人口。网络的方法，从先验假设和通常的基本假设所需的经典分析的解释，允许直接表征的分层人口结构和检测的人口作为枢纽中继基因流或维持集合种群系统的关键。这一发展打开了生态学和进化的主要视角，特别是在保护生物学和流行病学等领域，其中针对特定人群至关重要。
英文摘要：
The identification of key populations shaping the structure and connectivity of metapopulation systems is a major challenge in population ecology. The use of molecular markers in the theoretical framework of population genetics has allowed great advances in this field, but the prime question of quantifying the role of each population in the system remains unresolved. Furthermore, the use and interpretation of classical methods are still bounded by the need for a priori information and underlying assumptions that are seldom respected in natural systems. Network theory was applied to map the genetic structure in a metapopulation system using microsatellite data from populations of a threatened seagrass, Posidonia oceanica, across its whole geographical range. The network approach, free from a priori assumptions and of usual underlying hypothesis required for the interpretation of classical analysis, allows both the straightforward characterization of hierarchical population structure and the detection of populations acting as hubs critical for relaying gene flow or sustaining the metapopulation system. This development opens major perspectives in ecology and evolution in general, particularly in areas such as conservation biology and epidemiology, where targeting specific populations is crucial.
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