秦岭高速铁路穿越朱鹮〈动〉栖息地的鸟撞风险评估
Evaluating bird collision risk of a high-speed railway crossing the habitat of the crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) in Qinling Mountains, China
摘要：
鸟类与高速交通工具的碰撞是车辆安全和野生动物保护的一个重要话题，特别是当平均时速250公里的高速列车必须穿越濒危鸟类的栖息地时。本文对秦岭地区高速铁路工程中朱鹮〈动〉（朱鹮<动>）和其他当地鸟类的鸟车碰撞风险进行了评估。采用样线调查和步行监测技术，对研究区鸟类的种群数量、时空分布和过桥行为进行了调查。结果表明：（1）朱鹮<动>和白鹭是研究区数量最多的两种水鸟。两种朱鹭的RAI分别为43.69%和42.91%;（2）朱鹭总体栖息地更靠近铁路桥。其中91.63%首先在桥附近0 ~ 25 m范围内被发现;（3）铁路桥上、桥下交叉比约为7：3。朱鹭更喜欢在铁路桥上飞行（占该物种观察到的总穿越活动的89.29%）。白鹭越桥越铁路的可能性较大，占越桥越铁路观测总数的60.27%。我们建议，虽然朱鹭的碰撞风险可能很低，但仍应考虑设置围栏等障碍物，以促进该地区多种鸟类的保护。本文为我国铁路生态学研究提供了一个实际案例。据我们所知，这是第一个将保护朱鹮作为首要任务之一的高速铁路项目，也是最近全国范围内建设“生态文明”的举措的体现。
英文摘要：
Bird collisions with high-speed transport modes is a vital topic on vehicle safety and wildlife protection, especially when high-speed trains, with an average speed of 250km/h, have to run across the habitat of an endangered bird species. This paper evaluates the bird-train collision risk associated with a recent high-speed railway project in Qinling Mountains, China, for the crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) and other local bird species. Using line transect surveys and walking monitoring techniques, we surveyed the population abundance, spatial-temporal distributions, and bridge-crossing behaviors of the birds in the study area. The results show that: (1) The crested ibis and the egret were the two most abundant waterfowl species in the study area. The RAI of these two species were about 43.69% and 42.91%, respectively; (2) Crested ibises overall habitat closer to the railway bridge. 91.63% of them were firstly detected within the range of 0m to 25m of the vicinity of the bridge; (3) the ratio between crossing over and under the railway bridge was about 7:3. Crested ibises were found to prefer to fly over the railway bridge (89.29% of the total crossing activities observed for this species). Egrets were more likely to cross the railway below the bridge, and they accounted for 60.27% of the total observations of crossing under the bridge. We recommend that, while the collision risk of crested ibises could be low, barrier-like structures, such as fences, should still be considered to promote the conservation of multiple bird species in the area. This paper provides a practical case for railway ecology studies in China. To our best knowledge, this is the first high-speed railway project that takes protecting crested ibises as one of the top priorities, and exemplifies the recent nationwide initiative towards the construction of "eco-civilization" in the country.
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