Empirical evidence shows that wealthy households have substantially higher saving rates and markedly lower marginal propensity to consume (MPC) than other groups. Existing theory cannot account for this pattern without jointly imposing restrictive assumptions on returns, discounting, and preferences. In this paper, we develop a general theory of optimal savings with preference shocks and identify a novel mechanism through which stochastic risk preferences reshape the asymptotic consumption and saving behavior. Specifically, the mere possibility of becoming less risk averse next period raises the value of carrying wealth forward, since future selves may be more willing to convert wealth into consumption. Unlike the classical precautionary saving motive, which typically arises from resource risks and weakens as wealth increases, this force remains operative even at arbitrarily high wealth levels, generating a persistent incentive to defer consumption and driving the asymptotic MPC to zero (i.e., a 100% asymptotic saving rate). As a result, vanishing MPCs emerge as a generic implication of risk preference dynamics, rather than an artifact of restrictive assumptions, offering a theoretically robust and empirically consistent account of the persistently high saving rates and low MPCs observed among wealthy households.
Wealth Preferences and the Upper Tail of Consumption
International School of Economics and Management, Capital University of Economics and Business(首都经济贸易大学国际经济与管理学院);Department of Economics, Emory University(埃默里大学经济学系);Research Institute for Economics and Business Administration, Kobe University(神户大学经济经营研究所)
在随机期望效用(Gul and Pesendorfer,2006)中,偏好的分布可以从随机选择中唯一地恢复。本文通过两个例子说明,如果风险偏好是随机的,但不符合期望效用理论,则这种唯一性一般不成立。在第一种情况下,即使所有偏好都局限于介数类(Dekel,1986)并且是适当单调的,也会获得非唯一性。第二个例子说明了与随机期望效用一致的随机选择行为,该随机选择行为也与随机非期望效用一致。另一方面,我们发现,如果风险偏好符合加权效用理论(Chew,1983),并且在一阶随机优势下是单调的,那么随机选择再次唯一地确定了偏好的分布。最后,我们认为,根据域的风险偏好,唯一性可能会恢复,如果联合分布的选择在有限数量的可行集。
Optimal life-cycle consumption and investment decisions under age-dependent risk preferences
在本文中,我们解决的问题,最大化的期望效用的未来消费和终端财富,以确定最佳的养老金或生命周期的基金战略,为一组养老基金投资者。该设置与DC养老金计划密切相关,其中考虑了额外的(个人)消费。消费率服从于随时间变化的最低水平,并且终端财富服从于终端下限。此外,消费和终端财富之间的偏好以及风险规避的跨期系数是随时间变化的,因此取决于所考虑的养老金队列的年龄。在Black-Scholes金融市场框架和双曲绝对风险厌恶(HARA)效用函数的情况下,计算了最优消费和投资策略。我们概括了Ye(2008)(2008年美国控制会议,356-362),通过增加一个年龄依赖的风险厌恶系数,并扩展Steffensen(2011)(Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,35(5),659-667),Hentschel(2016)(博士论文,乌尔姆大学)和Aase(2017)(Stochastics,89(1),115-141)通过考虑消费与终端财富的组合,并通过应用HARA效用函数允许消费和终端财富地板。一个案例研究拟合几个模型,以现实的,随时间变化的生命周期消费和相对的投资概况表明,只有我们的扩展模型随时间变化的偏好参数提供了足够的灵活性,一个适当的适合。这对(私人)养恤金投资或一般养恤金保险的生命周期产品特别重要。