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arXiv 2510.12366eess.SPcs.ITmath.IT
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超越对角RIS架构设计与优化在物理一致模型下

Beyond-Diagonal RIS Architecture Design and Optimization under Physics-Consistent Models

Imperial College London(帝国理工学院);Kyung Hee University(庆熙大学)

Zheyu Wu, Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

AI总结:

本文研究了在物理一致模型下超越对角RIS的架构设计与优化,提出带连接RIS具有与全连接RIS相同的信道塑造能力,并开发了适用于单流MIMO系统的优化方法。

摘要:

可重构智能表面(RIS)是未来无线通信系统中的有前景技术。传统RIS受限于对角散射矩阵,限制了其灵活性。最近,超越对角RIS(BD-RIS)被提出作为更通用的RIS架构类别,允许元件间连接并展现出显著的性能提升潜力。尽管在BD-RIS上取得了大量进展,大多数现有研究依赖于简化的信道模型,忽略了实际电磁(EM)效应,如互耦合和阻抗不匹配。为解决这一差距,本文研究了在通用物理一致模型下BD-RIS的架构设计与优化,该模型基于多端口网络理论推导。基于该模型的紧凑重述,我们证明带连接RIS具有与全连接RIS相同的信道塑造能力,扩展了现有传统信道模型的结果。然后,我们开发了在通用物理一致模型下的优化方法;具体而言,我们推导了单输入单输出(SISO)系统的闭式解,提出了适用于单流多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的全局最优半正定松弛(SDR)算法,并设计了适用于多用户MIMO系统的高效交替方向法(ADMM)基于算法。使用所提出的算法,我们进行了全面的模拟以评估各种电磁效应和近似的影响。结果表明,通常采用的单向近似在RIS辅助系统中提供了足够的精度,因此可以方便地用于简化信道模型,而RIS元件间的互耦合应适当考虑在信道建模中。

英文摘要:

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology for future wireless communication systems. Conventional RIS is constrained to a diagonal scattering matrix, which limits its flexibility. Recently, beyond-diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) has been proposed as a more general RIS architecture class that allows inter-element connections and shows great potential for performance improvement. Despite extensive progress on BD-RIS, most existing studies rely on simplified channel models that ignore practical electromagnetic (EM) effects such as mutual coupling and impedance mismatching. To address this gap, this paper investigates the architecture design and optimization of BD-RIS under the general physics-consistent model derived with multiport network theory in recent literature. Building on a compact reformulation of this model, we show that band-connected RIS achieves the same channel-shaping capability as fully-connected RIS, which extends existing results obtained for conventional channel models. We then develop optimization methods under the general physics-consistent model; specifically, we derive closed-form solutions for single-input single-output (SISO) systems, propose a globally optimal semidefinite relaxation (SDR)-based algorithm for single-stream multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems, and design an efficient alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)-based algorithm for multiuser MIMO systems. Using the proposed algorithms, we conduct comprehensive simulations to evaluate the impact of various EM effects and approximations. The results indicate that the commonly adopted unilateral approximation provides sufficient accuracy in RIS-aided systems and can therefore be readily adopted to simplify the channel model, whereas mutual coupling among RIS elements should be properly taken into account in channel modeling.

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