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arXiv 2510.04523astro-ph.GA
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Suzaku对近邻星系团和星系群外围的观测:I. 直至位力半径的电子密度与气体占比

Suzaku observations of outskirts of nearby clusters and groups: I. electron density and gas fraction to the virial radius

Tokyo University of Science(东京科学大学);Saitama University(埼玉大学);Kyoto Sangyo University(京都产业大学);Hiroshima University(广岛大学);Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(日本宇宙航空研究开发机构宇宙科学研究所)

Kyoko Matsushita, Marie Kondo, Kosuke Sato, Toru Sasaki, Nobuhiro Okabe, Kotaro Fukushima

AI总结:

本研究利用Suzaku观测分析14个近邻星系团/群,将探测延伸至位力半径,构建ICM的温度、电子密度等径向剖面,发现气体占比的质量依赖性,揭示反馈过程在小质量系统中对重子与暗物质晕关联的塑造作用。

摘要:

我们对14个近邻星系团和星系群(红移z < 0.06)的Suzaku观测数据开展了分析,将径向探测范围延伸至位力半径(约r₂₀₀处)。样本覆盖了宽广的质量区间,M₅₀₀范围约为2×10¹³到7×10¹⁴倍太阳质量,包含Coma、Perseus、Virgo等已被充分研究的系统。我们仔细模拟了所有背景成分,包括软X射线前景(本地热泡、银晕、超位力温度成分)、宇宙X射线背景以及非X射线背景,并评估了它们对推导得到的星系团内介质(ICM)性质的影响。我们构建了发射量、电子密度和温度的径向剖面。温度随半径平滑下降,在r₂₀₀附近通常降至峰值的三分之一到二分之一。对于弛豫星系团,核心区域外的发射量剖面可由β模型很好地描述,β值约为0.6-0.7,而星系群的斜率更平缓,β值约为0.4-0.65。在r₂₅₀₀之外,电子密度剖面遵循幂律下降,斜率接近2。在r₅₀₀和r₂₀₀处,电子密度和气体质量占比与系统质量呈现紧密相关性,仅有3个存在明亮子团的星系团除外。在大质量星系团中,气体占比随半径升高,在r₂₀₀附近接近宇宙重子占比。相比之下,低质量系统在r₂₀₀处的气体占比约为0.1。观测到的气体占比的质量依赖性表明,反馈及相关过程在星系群尺度上的作用愈发重要,塑造了重子与暗物质晕之间的关联。

英文摘要:

We present an analysis of Suzaku observations of 14 nearby galaxy clusters and groups (z < 0.06), extending radial coverage out to the virial radius (approximately r200). The sample spans a wide mass range, from M500 about 2x10^13 to 7x10^14 solar masses, and includes well-studied systems such as Coma, Perseus, and Virgo. We carefully modeled all background components, including the soft X-ray foregrounds (the Local Hot Bubble, Milky Way Halo, and super-virial temperature components), the cosmic X-ray background, and the non-X-ray background, and assessed their effects on the derived properties of the intracluster medium (ICM). We constructed radial profiles of emission measure, electron density, and temperature. Temperatures decrease smoothly with radius, typically dropping to about one-third to half of their peak values near r200. For relaxed clusters, the emission measure profiles outside the core regions are well described by a beta model with beta around 0.6-0.7, while groups show slightly flatter slopes of beta around 0.4-0.65. Beyond r2500, electron density profiles follow a power-law decline with a slope close to 2. At r500 and r200, the electron density and the gas mass fraction show a tight correlation with the system mass, except for three clusters with bright subclusters. In massive clusters, the gas fraction increases with radius and approaches the cosmic baryon fraction near r200. In contrast, lower-mass systems exhibit gas fractions of around 0.1 at r200. The observed mass dependence of gas fractions suggests that feedback and related processes play an increasingly important role toward the group scale, shaping the connection between baryons and dark matter halos.

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