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arXiv 2504.03401astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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大尺度红移空间畸变建模中的泊松噪声

The Poisson noise in modeling the redshift-space distortion at large scales

Hongxiang Chen, Jie Wang, Baojiu Li

AI总结:

本文基于 Millennium 模拟发现低密度示踪体的 RSD 建模会放大泊松噪声并造成功率谱偏差,给出了解析表达式,并指出其对仿真器和 BAO 重建的影响。

摘要:

我们利用 Millennium 模拟的数据,研究了在线性大尺度上建模红移空间畸变(RSD)效应时的误差。尽管 Kaiser 公式和 TNS 方法等标准理论模板能够精确建模单个大尺度模态的 RSD,但我们发现,对于数密度低于约 $10^{-3}({\rm Mpc}/h)^{-3}$ 的示踪体,预测的功率谱存在百分之几水平的偏差。该误差源于从实空间功率谱进行 RSD 建模时固有泊松噪声的放大。这种放大后的噪声可解析表示为 $1+ε/[{\bar{n}P}({1+ε})]$,其中 $ε=2β/3+β^2/5$,$P$ 表示实空间示踪体功率谱,且 $β\equiv f/b$。具体而言,对于数密度约为 $5\times10^{-4}({\rm Mpc}/h)^{-3}$ 的暗物质晕,这一现象会导致 2.5% 的额外系统误差。我们的结果表明,在使用从模拟或实际巡天获得的示踪体实空间功率谱直接建模红移空间畸变(RSD)时,必须保持谨慎。这一提醒尤其适用于以下情形:基于模拟数据训练的仿真器预测实空间示踪体功率谱,以及利用星系样本进行重子声学振荡(BAO)重建;对于后者,我们估计散粒噪声可能在位移场中引入约三分之一的随机误差,从而可能削弱 BAO 峰值锐化的效果。

英文摘要:

We investigate the errors in modeling the redshift-space distortion (RSD) effect at large linear scales, using data from the Millennium simulation. While standard theoretical templates, such as the Kaiser formula and the TNS method, could precisely model RSD for individual large-scale modes, we find that for tracers with number densities lower than $\sim10^{-3}({\rm Mpc}/h)^{-3}$, there is a few-percent level bias in the predicted power spectrum. This error arises due to the amplification of intrinsic Poisson noise during RSD modeling from real-space power spectrum. This amplified noise can be analytically expressed as $1 + ε/[{\bar{n}P}({1+ε})]$, with $ε=2β/3+β^2/5$, where $P$ denotes the real-space tracer power spectrum and $β\equiv f/b$. Specifically, for halos with a number density of around $5\times10^{-4}({\rm Mpc}/h)^{-3}$, this phenomenon results in an additional systematic error of 2.5\%. Our result suggests that caution is necessary when directly modeling redshift-space distortions (RSD) using real-space power spectra of tracers obtained from simulations or actual surveys. This caution is particularly pertinent in scenarios where emulators trained on simulation data forecast the real-space tracer power spectrum, as well as in baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) reconstruction using galaxy samples, for which we estimate that shot noise could introduce random errors of about one-third in the displacement field, potentially diminishing the effectiveness of the BAO peak sharpening.

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