Do robots vote? Do machines make decisions instead of us? No, (at least not yet), but this is something that could happen. The impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on democracy is a complex issue that requires thorough research and careful regulation. At the most important level, that of the electoral process, it is noted that it is not determined by the AI, but it is greatly impacted by its multiple applications. New types of online campaigns, driven by AI applications, are replacing traditional ones. The potential for manipulating voters and indirectly influencing the electoral outcome should not be underestimated. Certainly, instances of voter manipulation are not absent from traditional political campaigns, with the only difference being that digital manipulation is often carried out without our knowledge, e.g. by monitoring our behavior on social media. Nevertheless, we should not overlook the positive impact that AI has in the upgrading of democratic institutions by providing a forum for participation in decision-making. In this context, as a first step, we look into the potential jeopardization of democratic processes posed by the use of AI tools. Secondly, we consider the possibility of strengthening democratic processes by using AI, as well as the democratization of AI itself through the possibilities it offers. And thirdly, the impact of AI on the representative system is also discussed. The paper is concluded with recommendations and conclusions.
Trustworthy AI and Democracy: A Dual Taxonomy and Operational Framework of Democratic Risks and Contributions
Dept. of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, DaSCI, University of Granada, Spain（计算机科学与人工智能系，DaSCI，格拉纳达大学）；Dept. of Philosophy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria（哲学系，维也纳大学）；School of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States（工程学院，康奈尔大学）；Dept. of Mathematics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE（数学系，科学与技术大学，阿布扎赫德，阿联酋）；ADIA Lab, Al Maryah Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE（ADIA实验室，阿布扎赫德，阿联酋）；Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Seville, Spain（联合研究中心，欧洲委员会，塞维利亚，西班牙）；Computer Engineering Dept., University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain（计算机工程系，阿尔卡拉大学）
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Brigham Young University（杨百翰大学）；Collective Intelligence Project（集体智能项目）；Anthropic；OpenAI；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；Stanford Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society（斯坦福慈善与公民社会中心）；Yale University（耶鲁大学）；AI & Democracy Foundation（人工智能与民主基金会）；Harvard University（哈佛大学）；Demos；University of Oslo（奥斯陆大学）；Yale Law School（耶鲁法学院）
Computational Challenges in Scaling Democratic Deliberation
Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science, and Artificial Intelligence University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学伯努利数学、计算机科学与人工智能研究所）；Institute for Logic, Languange and Computation Amsterdam Center for Law and Economics University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学逻辑、语言与计算研究所法律与经济中心）
Citizen Participation and Machine Learning for a Better Democracy
University of Warwick（华威大学）；Alan Turing Institute（艾伦图灵研究所）；Max Planck Institute（马克斯·普朗克研究所）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Queen Mary University of London（伦敦玛丽女王大学）
Artificial Intelligence for the Internal Democracy of Political Parties
University of Bologna（博洛尼亚大学）；Yale University（耶鲁大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Nuffield College, University of Oxford（牛津大学纳菲尔德学院）；Université Libre de Bruxelles（布鲁塞尔自由大学）
School of Computer Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK（利兹大学计算机科学学院）；School of Energy Systems, LUT University, Finland（芬兰LUT大学能源系统学院）；Computational Social Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany（康斯坦茨大学计算社会科学学院）；Computational Social Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland（苏黎世联邦理工学院计算社会科学学院）；Complexity Science Hub, Vienna, Austria（维也纳复杂科学中心）
Identity and Personhood in Digital Democracy: Evaluating Inclusion, Equality, Security, and Privacy in Pseudonym Parties and Other Proofs of Personhood
