arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 2503.22367cond-mat.stat-mech
收藏

过阻尼系统中随时间变化温度的热力学异常

Thermodynamic anomalies in overdamped systems with time-dependent temperature

Shakul Awasthi, Hyunggyu Park, Jae Sung Lee

AI总结:

本研究揭示过阻尼近似在时变温度下导致热耗散和熵产生异常,解析推导了异常表达式,并发现高粘度与小质量虽动力学相同但异常关系不同,对热机效率计算和动能估计有重要意义。

摘要:

研究小型随机系统的一个关键目标是开发微米级引擎并理解其热力学。然而,用于此目的的主要数学工具——过阻尼近似,有一个关键限制:当温度随时间变化时,它无法完全捕捉热力学,因为该近似未考虑速度。具体来说,我们表明在过阻尼近似下计算的热耗散和熵产生偏离其真实值。这些差异被称为热力学异常。为克服此限制,我们在一般时变温度存在的情况下解析推导了这些异常的表达式。结果的一个显著特征是,高粘度和质量小虽然导致相同的过阻尼动力学方程,但产生不同的热力学异常关系。我们的结果具有重要意义,特别是在无需速度测量的情况下,准确计算在具有时变温度的过阻尼环境中运行的热机效率。此外,我们的发现提供了一种估算过阻尼系统动能的简单方法。

英文摘要:

One of the key objectives in investigating small stochastic systems is the development of micrometer-sized engines and the understanding of their thermodynamics. However, the primary mathematical tool used for this purpose, the overdamped approximation, has a critical limitation: it fails to fully capture the thermodynamics when the temperature varies over time, as the velocity is not considered in the approximation. Specifically, we show that heat dissipation and entropy production calculated under the overdamped approximation deviate from their true values. These discrepancies are termed thermodynamic anomalies. To overcome this limitation, we analytically derive expressions for these anomalies in the presence of a general time-varying temperature. One notable feature of the result is that high viscosity and small mass, though both leading to the same overdamped dynamic equations, result in different thermodynamic anomaly relations. Our results have significant implications, particularly for accurately calculating the efficiency of heat engines operating in overdamped environments with time-varying temperatures, without requiring velocity measurements. Additionally, our findings offer a simple method for estimating the kinetic energy of an overdamped system.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑