arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2503.03435cs.CG
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动态简单多边形中的最近邻搜索

Nearest Neighbor Searching in a Dynamic Simple Polygon

Sarita de Berg, Frank Staals

AI总结:

研究动态简单多边形中的最近邻问题,允许插入点站点和扩展多边形边界,提出首个支持域更新的近线性空间、次线性查询与更新时间的最近邻数据结构。

摘要:

在最近邻问题中,给定一组点站点 $S$,我们希望将其存储,以便能够高效地找到(新)查询点的最近邻。在该问题的动态版本中,目标是设计一种支持高效查询和更新的数据结构,即在 $S$ 中进行插入和删除。这个问题在各种环境中得到了广泛研究,从平面上的点到更一般的距离度量,甚至简单多边形内的点。当站点不在平面上而是位于某个域中时,会出现另一个动态问题:如果受更新的不是站点,而是域本身,会发生什么?\n 更新站点通常会导致解或数据结构的局部变化,而更新域可能会引发许多全局变化。例如,在最近点对问题中,插入一个点只需检查该点是否在新的最近点对中,而更新域可能会改变集合中大多数点对之间的距离。大概这就是这种形式的动态化受到较少关注的原因。只有一些基本问题(如最短路径和射线投射)在这种设置下被研究过。\n 在这里,我们处理动态简单多边形中的最近邻问题。我们允许在点集和多边形中进行插入。多边形中的插入是指添加一条从多边形边界开始的线段。我们提出了一种大小近乎线性的数据结构(在站点数量和多边形复杂度两方面均如此),具有次线性的更新和查询时间。这是第一个允许对域进行更新的最近邻数据结构。

英文摘要:

In the nearest neighbor problem, we are given a set $S$ of point sites that we want to store such that we can find the nearest neighbor of a (new) query point efficiently. In the dynamic version of the problem, the goal is to design a data structure that supports both efficient queries and updates, i.e. insertions and deletions in $S$. This problem has been widely studied in various settings, ranging from points in the plane to more general distance measures and even points within simple polygons. When the sites do not live in the plane but in some domain, another dynamic problem arises: what happens if not the sites, but the domain itself is subject to updates? Updating sites often results in local changes to the solution or data structure, while updating the domain may incur many global changes. For example, in the closest pair problem, inserting a point only requires us to check if this point is in the new closest pair, while updating the domain might change the distances between most pairs of points in our set. Presumably, this is the reason that this form of dynamization has received much less attention. Only some basic problems, such as shortest paths and ray shooting, have been studied in this setting. Here, we tackle the nearest neighbor problem in a dynamic simple polygon. We allow insertions into both the set of sites and the polygon. An insertion in the polygon is the addition of a line segment starting at the boundary of the polygon. We present a near-linear size --in both the number of sites and the complexity of the polygon-- data structure with sublinear update and query time. This is the first nearest neighbor data structure that allows for updates to the domain.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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