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arXiv 2502.20004astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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金牛座三颗年轻褐矮星的动态光度变异性:利用TESS数据探测光学耀斑

Dynamic Photometric Variability in Three Young Brown Dwarfs in Taurus: Detection of Optical Flares with TESS data

Samrat Ghosh, Soumen Mondal, Somnath Dutta, Rajib Kumbhakar, Ramkrishna Das, Santosh Joshi, Sneh Lata

AI总结:

本研究利用地面和TESS测光数据,揭示了金牛座三颗年轻褐矮星的短周期光度变化,探测到两次超级耀斑,并通过黑子建模分析其变异性,确认其周围存在星周物质。

摘要:

我们展示了金牛座恒星形成区(位于英仙座分子云中)三颗已知邻近(约140秒差距)且年轻(约1百万年)褐矮星(BD)的I波段时域测光变异性研究。通过在10年时间跨度内的10个观测夜晚(每夜典型观测时长为3至6小时),我们估计这些褐矮星表现出不稳定的短周期周期性,周期范围为1.5至4.8小时。利用凌日系外行星巡天卫星(TESS)的长期测光数据,我们对CFHT-BD-Tau 3和CFHT-BD-Tau 4进行了时间分辨变异性分析,分别揭示出约0.96天和约3天的轨道周期,这与早期研究一致。我们还在TESS第43扇区的数据中发现了CFHT-BD-Tau 4的两次超级耀斑,并估计耀斑能量分别为7.09×10^35尔格和3.75×10^36尔格。要在该褐矮星上产生如此耀斑能量,需要约3.39千高斯(kG)的磁场。我们使用BASSMAN软件包对CFHT-BD-Tau 3和CFHT-BD-Tau 4进行了黑子建模分析,以解释数据中检测到的变异性。这些天体的光谱能量分布和红外颜色表明它们周围存在足量的星周物质。

英文摘要:

We present $I$-band time-series photometric variability studies of three known nearby ($\sim$ 140 pc) and young ( $\sim$ 1 Myr) brown dwarfs (BD) in the Taurus star-forming region in the Perseus Molecular Cloud. From 10 nights of observations over a time span of 10 years, with a typical run of 3 to 6 hours each night, we estimated that the BDs show unstable short-scale periodicity from 1.5 to 4.8 hours. Using the long-term photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), we have conducted a time-resolved variability analysis of CFHT-BD-Tau 3 and CFHT-BD-Tau 4, revealing orbital periods of $\sim$ 0.96 days and $\sim$ 3 days respectively, consistent with earlier studies. We also found two superflares in TESS sector 43 data for CFHT-BD-Tau 4 and estimated the flare energies as $7.09\times10^{35}$ erg and $3.75\times10^{36}$ erg. A magnetic field of $\sim3.39 ~kG$ is required to generate such flare energies on this BD. We performed spot modelling analysis on CFHT-BD-Tau 3 and CFHT-BD-Tau 4 to address the variability detected in the data using the package BASSMAN. Spectral energy distribution and infrared colours of the sources suggest that they have a sufficient amount of circumstellar material around them.

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