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Fermi-LAT及多波段观测证实耀变体PG 1553+113的伽马射线周期调制

Periodic Gamma-ray Modulation of the blazar PG 1553+113 Confirmed by Fermi-LAT and Multi-wavelength Observations

S. Abdollahi, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, P. Bruel, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, … 展开作者

S. Abdollahi, L. Baldini, G. Barbiellini, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, P. Bruel, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, F. Casaburo, E. Cavazzuti, C. C. Cheung, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, G. Cozzolongo, P. Cristarella Orestano, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, N. Di Lalla, F. Dirirsa, L. Di Venere, A. Domínguez, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, A. Fiori, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, S. Garrappa, D. Gasparrini, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, D. Green, I. A. Grenier, S. Guiriec, E. Hays, D. Horan, M. Kuss, S. Larsson, M. Laurenti, J. Li, I. Liodakis, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, D. Malyshev, A. Manfreda, L. Marcotulli, G. Martí-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta, I. Mereu, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, M. Negro, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, M. Perri, M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, S. Rainò, R. Rando, B. Rani, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, P. M. Saz Parkinson, L. Scotton, D. Serini, A. Sesana, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, M. N. Takahashi, D. Tak, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, D. F. Torres, J. Valverde, F. Verrecchia, G. Zaharijas

AI总结:

本研究利用15年费米巡天及多波段观测数据,证实耀变体PG 1553+113存在4σ显著性的2.1年伽马射线周期调制,推测其可能源于亚秒差距双超大质量黑洞系统的吸积流轨道脉动。

摘要:

此前,研究人员利用费米大面积望远镜(Fermi Large Area Telescope,Fermi-LAT)近7年的数据,初步识别出耀变体PG 1553+113的伽马射线流量存在2.1年的周期振荡。经过15年的费米巡天观测(总时间跨度翻倍),我们报道了超过7个周期的伽马射线调制,相对于随机红噪声的估计显著性为4σ。早期数据与新数据中对振荡周期和相位的独立测定结果高度一致(巧合概率<0.01),整条光变曲线的脉冲计时也与相干周期性相符。本研究纳入了多波段新数据,包括雨燕卫星(Swift)的X射线望远镜(X-Ray Telescope)、爆发警报望远镜(Burst Alert Telescope)和紫外/光学望远镜(UVOT)的数据,以及KAIT、卡特琳娜巡天系统(Catalina Sky Survey)、全天超新星自动巡天(All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae)和欧文斯谷射电天文台等地面观测站的数据;此外还包含罗西X射线计时探测器(Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer)卫星全天监测器的存档数据、已发表的图尔拉(Tuorla)光学数据以及哈佛底片的光学历史数据。光学和射电光变曲线与伽马射线调制呈现明显相关性,射电流量可能存在非恒定时滞。我们认为,该伽马射线周期性可能源自亚秒差距尺度、质量比偏高的双超大质量黑洞系统中的吸积流脉动,喷流中供给的物质和能量会受到轨道调制。其他涉及的天体物理场景还包括不稳定性、吸积盘与喷流进动、旋转或章动,以及极轨道上的大质量恒星或中等质量黑洞的扰动作用。

英文摘要:

A 2.1-year periodic oscillation of the gamma-ray flux from the blazar PG 1553+113 has previously been tentatively identified in almost 7 year of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope. After 15 years of Fermi sky-survey observations, doubling the total time range, we report >7 cycle gamma-ray modulation with an estimated significance of 4 sigma against stochastic red noise. Independent determinations of oscillation period and phase in the earlier and the new data are in close agreement (chance probability <0.01). Pulse timing over the full light curve is also consistent with a coherent periodicity. Multiwavelength new data from Swift X-Ray Telescope, Burst Alert Telescope, and UVOT, and from KAIT, Catalina Sky Survey, All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae, and Owens Valley Radio Observatory ground-based observatories as well as archival Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer satellite-All Sky Monitor data, published optical data of Tuorla, and optical historical Harvard plates data are included in our work. Optical and radio light curves show clear correlations with the gamma-ray modulation, possibly with a nonconstant time lag for the radio flux. We interpret the gamma-ray periodicity as possibly arising from a pulsational accretion flow in a sub-parsec binary supermassive black hole system of elevated mass ratio, with orbital modulation of the supplied material and energy in the jet. Other astrophysical scenarios introduced include instabilities, disk and jet precession, rotation or nutation, and perturbations by massive stars or intermediate-mass black holes in polar orbit.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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