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arXiv 2007.05468astro-ph.HE
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在X射线能量II处看到的$γ$ -射线天空:在未识别的gamma-ray源中快速搜寻费米PDKEEPAAACLac天体

The $γ$-ray sky seen at X-ray energies II: the Swift hunt of Fermi BL Lac objects among unidentified gamma-ray sources

E. J. Marchesini, A. Paggi, F. Massaro, N. Masetti, R. D'Abrusco, I. Andruchow

摘要:

在费米大天区望远镜探测到的所有源中,近50%被归类为耀变体或耀变体候选者,这是最难以捉摸的活动星系之一。其他耀变体也可能隐藏在未识别或无关联的$γ$射线源(UGS)样本中,这些射线源约占迄今为止探测到的所有伽马射线源的三分之一。我们最近证实,绝大多数的BL Lac亚类费米耀变体具有对应的X射线。使用X射线属性的BL Lac训练集,并结合这些档案多频信息,我们的目标是搜索UGS,可能有一个BL Lac源在其$γ$射线位置不确定性区域。我们减少和分析了327个UGS的选定样本的Swift X射线观测。然后,我们比较了X射线通量和硬度比的所有源中检测到的指向领域与已知的费米BL Lacs。我们发现至少有一个X射线源,躺在$γ$ -射线位置不确定度在95%的置信水平,为223 UGS和464 X射线源在所有领域的分析。其中大部分的X射线性质,最终结合无线电,红外线和光学信息,表现出BL Lac多频行为,从而使我们能够选择高置信度BL Lac候选人;其中一些最近在我们的光谱活动中观察到,证实了它们的性质。我们发现,50个X射线源,通过光谱学确认为BL Lac,12不显示典型的中红外或无线电BL Lac属性。这表明,选择X射线BL Lac候选是一个强大的方法,以找到新的对应费米UGS。最后,我们确定了一个样本的32斯威夫特/XRT候选对应费米UGS是最有可能的BL Lac对象。

英文摘要:

Nearly 50% of all sources detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope are classified as blazars or blazar candidates, one of the most elusive classes of active galaxies. Additional blazars can also be hidden within the sample of unidentified or unassociated $γ$-ray sources (UGSs) that constitute about one-third of all gamma-ray sources detected to date. We recently confirmed that the large majority of Fermi blazars of the BL Lac subclass have an X-ray counterpart. Using the X-ray properties of a BL Lac training set and combining these with archival multifrequency information, we aim to search for UGSs that could have a BL Lac source within their $γ$-ray positional uncertainty regions. We reduced and analyzed the Swift X-ray observations of a selected sample of 327 UGSs. We then compared the X-ray fluxes and hardness ratios of all sources detected in the pointed fields with those of known Fermi BL Lacs. We find at least one X-ray source, lying within the $γ$-ray positional uncertainty at 95% confidence level, for 223 UGSs and a total of 464 X-ray sources in all fields analyzed. The X-ray properties of a large fraction of them, eventually combined with radio, infrared, and optical information, exhibit BL Lac multi-frequency behavior, thus allowing us to select high-confidence BL Lac candidates; some of them were recently observed during our optical spectroscopic campaign which confirmed their nature. We find that out of 50 X-ray sources that were confirmed as BL Lacs through optical spectroscopy, 12 do not show canonical mid-infrared or radio BL Lac properties. This indicates that the selection of X-ray BL Lac candidates is a strong method to find new counterparts within Fermi UGSs. Finally, we pinpoint a sample of 32 Swift/XRT candidate counterparts to Fermi UGSs that are most likely BL Lac objects.

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