HST Observations within the Sphere of Influence of the Powerful Supermassive Black Hole in PKS0745-191
Julie Hlavacek-Larrondo, Hyunseop Choi, Minghao Guo, Annabelle Richard-Laferrière, Carter Rhea, Marine Prunier, Helen Russell, Andy Fabian, Jonelle L. Walsh, Ma… 展开作者
Julie Hlavacek-Larrondo, Hyunseop Choi, Minghao Guo, Annabelle Richard-Laferrière, Carter Rhea, Marine Prunier, Helen Russell, Andy Fabian, Jonelle L. Walsh, Marie-Joëlle Gingras, Brian McNamara, Steve Allen, André-Nicolas Chené, Alastair Edge, Marie-Lou Gendron-Marsolais, Michael McDonald, Priyamvada Natarajan, Jeremy Sanders, James F. Steiner, Benjamin Vigneron, Anja von der Linden
备注：
Accepted for publication in ApJ. 24 pages and 17 figures
我们展示了哈勃空间望远镜（Hubble Space Telescope，HST）上空间望远镜成像光谱仪（Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph）对PKS0745-191中心超大质量黑洞（supermassive black hole，SMBH）的观测；PKS0745-191是一个最亮星系团星系（brightest cluster galaxy，BCG），正在经历强大的射电模式活动星系核反馈（$P_{\rm cav}\sim5\times10^{45}$ erg s$^{-1}$）。这些高分辨率数据首次提供了在如此强大反馈下、SMBH影响球内部气体动力学的空间分辨图。我们的结果揭示，在亚kpc尺度上存在高度混沌、非旋转的电离气体流，这与在更大尺度上观测到的更连贯流形成对比。虽然射电模式反馈在星系团中kpc尺度上有效热化热气体，但在核心内部，热气体流可能解耦，导致角动量降低，并通过冷却提供电离气体，这可能增强SMBH上的吸积。这一过程反过来可能形成自调节反馈回路。与其他射电模式反馈较弱、旋转更稳定的BCG相比，强烈反馈可能导致更混沌的流，表明喷流活动与气体动力学之间存在更强耦合。此外，我们观测到核附近速度弥散急剧增加，这与质量极大、$M_{\rm BH}\sim1.5\times10^{10} M_\odot$的SMBH相符。电离气体的密度分布也明显平坦，类似于在Bondi半径得到分辨的星系周围X射线气体中观测到的分布。这些结果为驱动星系演化的复杂机制提供了宝贵见解，突显了宿主星系内SMBH燃料供给与AGN反馈之间错综复杂的关系。
英文摘要：
We present Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph observations from the Hubble Space Telescope of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the center of PKS0745-191, a brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) undergoing powerful radio-mode AGN feedback ($P_{\rm cav}\sim5\times10^{45}$ erg s$^{-1}$). These high-resolution data offer the first spatially resolved map of gas dynamics within a SMBHs sphere of influence under such powerful feedback. Our results reveal the presence of highly chaotic, non-rotational ionized gas flows on sub-kpc scales, in contrast to the more coherent flows observed on larger scales. While radio-mode feedback effectively thermalizes hot gas in galaxy clusters on kiloparsec scales, within the core, the hot gas flow may decouple, leading to a reduction in angular momentum and supplying ionized gas through cooling, which could enhance accretion onto the SMBH. This process could, in turn, lead to a self-regulating feedback loop. Compared to other BCGs with weaker radio-mode feedback, where rotation is more stable, intense feedback may lead to more chaotic flows, indicating a stronger coupling between jet activity and gas dynamics. Additionally, we observe a sharp increase in velocity dispersion near the nucleus, consistent with a very massive $M_{\rm BH}\sim1.5\times10^{10} M_\odot$ SMBH. The density profile of the ionized gas is also notably flat, paralleling the profiles observed in X-ray gas around galaxies where the Bondi radius is resolved. These results provide valuable insights into the complex mechanisms driving galaxy evolution, highlighting the intricate relationship between SMBH fueling and AGN feedback within the host galaxy.
Correlations between the mass of a supermassive black hole and the properties of its host galaxy (e.g., total stellar mass (M*), luminosity (Lhost)) suggest an evolutionary connection. A powerful test of a co-evolution scenario is to measure the relations MBH-Lhost and MBH-M* at high redshift and compare with local estimates. For this purpose, we acquired HST imaging with WFC3 of 32 X-ray-selected broad-line AGN at 1.2<z<1.7 in deep survey fields. By applying state-of-the-art tools to decompose the HST images including available ACS data, we measured the host galaxy luminosity and stellar mass…
We present a UV spectroscopic study of ionized outflows in 21 active galactic nuclei (AGN), observed with the HST. The targets of the SUBWAYS sample were selected with the aim to probe the parameter space of the underexplored AGN between the local Seyfert galaxies and the luminous quasars at high redshifts. Our targets, spanning redshifts of 0.1-0.4 and bolometric luminosities (L_bol) of 10^45-10^46 erg/s, have been observed with a large multi-wavelength campaign. Here, we model the UV spectra and look for different types of AGN outflows. We find that 60% of our targets show a presence of outf…
We investigate the formation of circumnuclear gas structures from the tidal disruption of molecular clouds in galactic nuclei, by means of smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. We model galactic nuclei as composed of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) and a nuclear star cluster (NSC) and consider different mass ratios between the two components. We find that the relative masses of the SMBH and the NSC have a deep impact on the morphology of the circumnuclear gas. Extended disks form only inside the sphere of influence of the SMBH. In contrast, compact rings naturally form outside the SMBH…
We present a new 300 ks Chandra observation of M87 that limits pileup to only a few per cent of photon events and maps the hot gas properties closer to the nucleus than has previously been possible. Within the supermassive black hole's gravitational sphere of influence, the hot gas is multiphase and spans temperatures from 0.2 to 1 keV. The radiative cooling time of the lowest temperature gas drops to only 0.1-0.5 Myr, which is comparable to its free fall time. Whilst the temperature structure is remarkably symmetric about the nucleus, the density gradient is steep in sectors to the N and S, w…
Frequency and Abundance of Binary sUpermassive bLack holes from Optical Variability Surveys (FABULOVS): Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Radial-Velocity Selected Binary Candidates
We present new measurements for the nuclear stellar velocity dispersion $σ_{\ast}$ within sub-arcsecond apertures for 28 nearby galaxies. Our data consist of Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) long-slit spectra obtained with the G750M grating centred on the H$α$ spectral range. We fit the spectra using a library of single stellar population models and Gaussian emission lines, while constraining in most cases the stellar-population content from an initial fit to G430L STIS spectra. We illustrate how these $σ_{\ast}$ measurements can be useful for constraining the mass $M_{\bullet}$ of …
We obtained adaptive-optics assisted SINFONI observations of the central regions of the giant elliptical galaxy NGC5419 with a spatial resolution of 0.2 arcsec ($\approx 55$ pc). NGC5419 has a large depleted stellar core with a radius of 1.58 arcsec (430 pc). HST and SINFONI images show a point source located at the galaxy's photocentre, which is likely associated with the low-luminosity AGN previously detected in NGC5419. Both the HST and SINFONI images also show a second nucleus, off-centred by 0.25 arcsec ($\approx 70$ pc). Outside of the central double nucleus, we measure an almost constan…
The vast majority of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the local universe exhibit levels of activity much lower than those expected from gas supplying rates onto the galactic nuclei, and only a small fraction of silent SMBHs can turn into active galactic nuclei. Revisiting observational data of very nearby SMBHs whose gravitational spheres of influence are spatially reached by the Chandra X-ray satellite, we find that the level of BH activity drastically increases from the quiescent phase when the inflow rate outside of the BH influence radius is higher than 0.1% of the Eddington accretion r…
Establishing or ruling out, either through solid mass measurements or upper limits, the presence of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) at the centers of star clusters would profoundly impact our understanding of problems ranging from the formation and long-term dynamical evolution of stellar systems, to the nature of the seeds and the growth mechanisms of supermassive black holes. While there are sound theoretical arguments both for and against their presence in today's clusters, observational studies have so far not yielded truly conclusive IMBH detections nor upper limits. We argue that t…
We investigate the correlation between the mass of a central supermassive black hole and the total gravitational mass of the host galaxy (M_tot). The results are based on 43 galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses from the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) Survey whose black hole masses were estimated through two scaling relations: the relation between black hole mass and Sersic index (M_bh - n) and the relation between black hole mass and stellar velocity dispersion (M_bh - sigma). We use the enclosed mass within R_200, the radius within which the density profile of the early type galaxy exceeds the cr…
Hubble Space Telescope (HST) spectra of the extreme ultraviolet (EUV), the optically thick emission from the innermost accretion flow onto the central supermassive black hole, indicate that RLQs tend to be EUV weak compared to the radio quiet quasars (RQQs); yet the remainder of the optically thick thermal continuum is indistinguishable. The deficit of EUV emission in RLQs has a straightforward interpretation as a missing or a suppressed innermost region of local energy dissipation in the accretion flow. This article is an examination of the evidence for a distribution of magnetic flux tubes i…
The mm-Wave Interferometric Survey of Dark Object Masses (WISDOM) is probing supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galaxies across the Hubble sequence via molecular gas dynamics. We present the first WISDOM study of a luminous infrared galaxy with an active galactic nuclei (AGN): Fairall 49. We use new ALMA observations of the CO(2-1) line with a spatial resolution of about 80 pc together with ancillary HST imaging. We reach the following results: (1) The CO kinematics are well described by a regularly rotating gas disk with a radial inflow motion, suggesting weak feedback on the cold gas from b…
We compare the star forming main sequence (SFMS) -- both integrated and resolved on 1kpc scales -- between the high-resolution TNG50 simulation of IllustrisTNG and observations from the 3D-HST slitless spectroscopic survey at z~1. Contrasting integrated star formation rates (SFRs), we find that the slope and normalization of the star-forming main sequence in TNG50 are quantitatively consistent with values derived by fitting observations from 3D-HST with the Prospector Bayesian inference framework. The previous offsets of 0.2-1dex between observed and simulated main sequence normalizations are …
We present HST WFPC2/PC images and KPNO 4-m longslit spectroscopy of the QSO SDSS J153636.22+044127.0, which we advanced as a candidate binary supermassive black hole. The images reveal a close companion coincident with the radio source identified by Wrobel & Laor (2009). It appears to be consistent with a M_g ~ -21.4 elliptical galaxy, if it is at the QSO redshift. The spectroscopy, however, shows no spatial offset of the red or blue Balmer line subcomponents. The companion is thus not the source of either the red or blue broad line systems; SDSS J153636.22+044127.0 cannot be explained as a c…
Galaxies are believed to evolve through merging, which should lead to multiple supermassive black holes in some. There are four known triple black hole systems, with the closest pair being 2.4 kiloparsecs apart (the third component is more distant at 3 kiloparsecs), which is far from the gravitational sphere of influence of a black hole with mass $\sim$10$^9$ M$_\odot$ (about 100 parsecs). Previous searches for compact black hole systems concluded that they were rare, with the tightest binary system having a separation of 7 parsecs. Here we report observations of a triple black hole system at …
In this paper we explore the interplay between intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) and their nursing globular clusters (GCs), taking advantage of over 2000 Monte Carlo GC models. We find that the average density of IMBHs sphere of influence can be uniquely connected to the host GCs luminosity and half-light radius via a fundamental plane. We propose a statistical approach to systematically identify potential Galactic GCs harbouring either an IMBH or a massive subsystem comprised of stellar BHs. Our models show that the IMBH is often bound to a stellar companion or a stellar BH, which can lea…
The coalescence of a binary black hole can be accompanied by a large gravitational recoil due to anisotropic emission of gravitational waves. A recoiling supermassive black hole (SBH) can subsequently undergo long-lived oscillations in the potential well of its host galaxy, suggesting that offset SBHs may be common in the cores of massive ellipticals. We have analyzed HST archival images of 14 nearby core ellipticals, finding evidence for small ($\lesssim 10$ pc) displacements between the AGN (locating the SBH) and the center of the galaxy (the mean photocenter) in 10 of them. Excluding object…
We search for high-redshift (z>4.5) X-ray AGNs in the deep central (off-axis angle <5.7') region of the 7 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South X-ray image. We compile an initial candidate sample from direct X-ray detections. We then probe more deeply in the X-ray data by using pre-selected samples with high spatial resolution NIR/MIR (HST 1.6 micron and Spitzer 4.5 micron) and submillimeter (ALMA 850 micron) observations. The combination of the NIR/MIR and submillimeter pre-selections allows us to find X-ray sources with a wide range of dust properties and spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We use t…
Upon entering the tidal sphere of a supermassive black hole, a star is ripped apart by tides and transformed into a stream of debris. The ultimate fate of that debris, and the properties of the bright flare that is produced and observed, depends on a number of parameters, including the energy of the center of mass of the original star. Here we present the results of a set of smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations in which a $1~M_\odot $, $γ= 5/3$ polytrope is disrupted by a $10^6 ~M_\odot$ supermassive black hole. Each simulation has a pericenter distance of $r_{\rm p} = r_{\rm t}$ (i.e.,…
Galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are believed to evolve through a process of hierarchical merging and accretion. Through this paradigm, multiple SMBH systems are expected to be relatively common in the Universe. However, to date there are poor observational constraints on multiple SMBHs systems with separations comparable to a SMBH gravitational sphere of influence (<< 1 kpc). In this chapter, we discuss how deep continuum observations with the SKA will make leading contributions towards understanding how multiple black hole systems impact galaxy evolution. In addition, these obse…
Accretion disks around supermassive black holes (SMBH) are promising sites for stellar mass black hole (BH) mergers due to mass segregation and merger acceleration by disk gas torques. Here we show that a GW-kick at BH merger causes ram-pressure stripping of gas within the BH Hill sphere. If $R_{H}\geq H$, the disk height, an off-center UV flare at $a_{\rm BH} \sim 10^{3}r_{g}$ emerges within $t_{\rm UV} \sim \rm{O}(2 {\rm days})(a_{\rm BH}/10^{3}r_{g})(M_{\rm SMBH}/10^{8}M_{\odot})(v_{\rm kick}/10^{2}\rm{km/s})$ post-merger and lasts O$(R_{H}/v_{\rm kick}) \sim \rm{O}(5 t_{\rm UV}$). The flar…
We present kpc-scale ALMA and HST imaging of the quasar PJ308-21 at $z$=$6.2342$, tracing dust, gas (via the [CII] 158 $μ$m line) and young stars. At a resolution of $\sim0.3''$ ($\approx1.7$ kpc), the system is resolved over $>4''$ ($>$20 kpc). In particular, it features a main component, identified to be the quasar host galaxy, centered on the accreting supermassive black hole; and two other extended components on the West and East side, one redshifted and the other blueshifted relative to the quasar. The [CII] emission of the entire system stretches over $>$1500 km/s along the line of sight…
Wind-fed Supermassive Black Hole Accretion in the Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxy M60-UCD1
School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University（南京大学天文与空间科学学院）；Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education（南京大学现代天文与天体物理教育部重点实验室）；Institute of Science and Technology for Deep Space Exploration, Suzhou Campus, Nanjing University（南京大学苏州校区深空探测研究院）
We present the detection of supermassive black holes (BHs) in two Virgo ultracompact dwarf galaxies (UCDs), VUCD3 and M59cO. We use adaptive optics assisted data from the Gemini/NIFS instrument to derive radial velocity dispersion profiles for both objects. Mass models for the two UCDs are created using multi-band Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging, including the modeling of mild color gradients seen in both objects. We then find a best-fit stellar mass-to-light ratio ($M/L$) and BH mass by combining the kinematic data and the deprojected stellar mass profile using Jeans Anisotropic Models (…
As part of the mm-Wave Interferometric Survey of Dark Object Masses (WISDOM) project, we present an estimate of the mass of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in the nearby fast-rotating early-type galaxy NGC4697. This estimate is based on Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) cycle-3 observations of the 12CO(2-1) emission line with a linear resolution of 29 pc (0.53"). We find that NGC4697 hosts a small relaxed central molecular gas disc with a mass of 1.6x10^7 Msun, co-spatial with the obscuring dust disc visible in optical Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging. We also resolve …
We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometric results for NGC 6402, a highly reddened very luminous Galactic globular cluster (GC). Recent spectroscopic observations of its red giant stars have shown a quite peculiar behavior in the chemistry of its multiple populations. These results have prompted UV and optical HST observations aimed at obtaining the cluster's "Chromosome map" (ChM), an efficient tool to classify GCs and characterize their multiple populations. We find that the discontinuity in the abundance distributions of O, Mg, Al and Na inferred from spectroscopy is more nuanced i…
We present 1-second cadence observations of M32 (NGC221) with the CHIMERA instrument at the Hale 200-inch telescope of the Palomar Observatory. Using field stars as a baseline for relative photometry, we are able to construct a light curve of the nucleus in the g-prime and r-prime band with 1sigma=36 milli-mag photometric stability. We derive a temporal power spectrum for the nucleus and find no evidence for a time-variable signal above the noise as would be expected if the nuclear black hole were accreting gas. Thus, we are unable to constrain the spin of the black hole although future work w…
During galaxy merger events, the supermassive black holes in the center of the galaxies may form a pair of active galactic nuclei (AGN) with kpc-scale or even pc-scale separation. Recently, optical observations revealed a promising dual AGN candidate at the center of the galaxy SDSS J101022.95$+$141300.9 (hereafter J1010$+$1413). The presence of two distinct [O III]-emitting point sources with a projected separation of $\sim 430$ pc indicates a dual AGN system. To search for AGN-dominated radio emission originating from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) point sources, we carried out very long b…
Recent Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations have revealed that a majority of active galactic nuclei (AGN) at z ~ 1-3 are resident in isolated disk galaxies, contrary to the usual expectation that AGN are triggered by mergers. Here we develop a new test of the cosmic evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in disk galaxies by considering the local population of SMBHs. We show that substantial SMBH growth in spiral galaxies is required as disks assemble. SMBHs exhibit a tight relation between their mass and the velocity dispersion of the spheroid within which they reside, the M_BH-sig…
We present HST/NICMOS data to study the surface brightness distribution of stellar light within the inner 10" of Sgr A* at 1.4, 1.7 and 1.9 microns. We use these data to independently examine the surface brightness distribution that had been measured previously with NICMOS and to determine whether there is a drop in the surface density of stars very near Sgr A*. Our analysis confirms that a previously reported drop in the surface brightness within 0.8" of Sgr A* is an artifact of bright and massive stars near that radius. We also show that the surface brightness profile within 5" or ~0.2 pc of…
We present high angular resolution (0.3" or 37 pc) Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the CO(2-1) line emission from a central disc in the early-type galaxy NGC 524. This disc is shown to be dynamically relaxed, exhibiting ordered rotation about a compact 1.3mm continuum source, which we identify as emission from an active supermassive black hole (SMBH). There is a hole at the centre of the disc slightly larger than the SMBH sphere of influence. An azimuthal distortion of the observed velocity field is found to be due to either a position angle warp or radial …
Megamaser disks provide the most precise and accurate extragalactic supermassive black hole masses. Here we describe a search for megamasers in nearby galaxies using the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). We focus on galaxies where we believe that we can resolve the gravitational sphere of influence of the black hole and derive a stellar or gas dynamical measurement with optical or NIR observations. Since there are only a handful of super massive black holes (SMBH) that have direct black hole mass measurements from more than one method, even a single galaxy with a megamaser disk and a stellar dynamic…
We carry out a comparative analysis of the relation between the mass of supermassive black holes (BHs) and the stellar mass of their host galaxies at $0.2<z<1.7$ using well-matched observations and multiple state-of-the-art simulations (e.g., Massive Black II, Horizon-AGN, Illustris, TNG and a semi-analytic model). The observed sample consists of 646 uniformly-selected SDSS quasars ($0.2 < z < 0.8$) and 32 broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs; $1.2<z<1.7$) with imaging from Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) for the former and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) for the latter. We first add realistic observa…
We present a new stellar dynamical mass measurement ($M_\mathrm{BH}$) of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in NGC 1453, a fast-rotating massive elliptical galaxy in the MASSIVE survey. We measure stellar kinematics in 135 spatial bins in the central 1.5 kpc by 2 kpc region of the galaxy using high signal-to-noise ($S/N \sim 130$) spectra from the Gemini-North GMOS integral-field spectrograph (IFS). Combining with wide-field IFS kinematics out to $\sim 3$ effective radii and stellar light distributions from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFC3 images, we perform Schwarzschild orbit-based mass mod…
The way supermassive black holes (SMBH) in galactic centers accumulate their mass is not completely determined. At large scales, it is governed by galactic encounters, mass inflows connected to spirals arms and bars, or due to expanding shells from supernova (SN) explosions in the central parts of galaxies. The investigation of the latter process requires an extensive set of gas dynamical simulations to explore the muti-dimensional parameter space needed to frame the phenomenon. The aims of this paper are to extend our investigation of the importance of supernovae for inducing accretion onto a…
The discovery of two UV-bright galaxy candidates at $z\sim 13$, HD1 and HD2, laid the foundation for a new race to study the early Universe. Previous investigations suggested that they are either powered by a supermassive black hole or by an extreme, transient burst of star formation. Given their uncertain nature, we investigate whether these sources could be lensed by a hitherto undetected, faint foreground galaxy. We find that at the current limiting magnitude with which HD1 and HD2 were imaged, there is only a $7.39\%$ probability they are strongly lensed by spherical deflectors and that th…
Recent work has confirmed that the masses of supermassive black holes, estimated from scaling relations with global properties such as the stellar masses of their host galaxies, may be biased high. Much of this may be caused by the requirement that the gravitational sphere of influence of the black hole must be resolved for the black-hole mass to be reliably estimated. We revisit this issue by using a comprehensive galaxy evolution semi-analytic model, which self-consistently evolves supermassive black holes from high-redshift seeds via gas accretion and mergers, and also includes AGN feedback…
We study the early stage of the formation of seed supermassive black holes via direct collapse in dark matter (DM) halos, in the cosmological context. We perform high-resolution zoom-in simulations of such collapse at high-$z$. Using the adaptive mesh refinement code ENZO, we resolve the formation and growth of a DM halo, until its virial temperature reaches $\sim 10^4$K, atomic cooling turns on, and collapse ensues. We demonstrate that direct collapse proceeds in two stages, although they are not well separated. The first stage is triggered by the onset of atomic cooling, and leads to rapidly…
WISDOM Project -- XXVIII. Molecular gas measurement of the supermassive black hole mass of the galaxy NGC 1387
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）；Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg（海德堡大学天文学中心）；Cardiff University（卡迪夫大学）
We have conducted an optical long-slit spectroscopic survey of 1022 galaxies using the 10m Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) at McDonald Observatory. The main goal of the HET Massive Galaxy Survey (HETMGS) is to find nearby galaxies that are suitable for black hole mass measurements. In order to measure accurately the black hole mass, one should kinematically resolve the region where the black hole dominates the gravitational potential. For most galaxies, this region is much less than an arcsecond. Thus, black hole masses are best measured in nearby galaxies with telescopes that obtain high-spatial…
Supermassive black holes in six triaxial galaxies: Insights from SINFONI and MUSE observations
University of Vienna（维也纳大学）；Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP)（波茨坦莱布尼茨天体物理研究所）；Sub-department of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford（牛津大学物理系天体物理学小组）；Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学天文研究所）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik（马克斯·普朗克天体物理研究所）；Armagh Observatory and Planetarium（阿马赫天文台和天文馆）
Given its velocity dispersion, the early-type galaxy NGC 1600 has an unusually massive ($M_\bullet = 1.7 \times 10^{10} M_\odot$) central supermassive black hole (SMBH), surrounded by a large core ($r_\mathrm{b} = 0.7$ kpc) with a tangentially biased stellar distribution. We present high-resolution equal-mass merger simulations including SMBHs to study the formation of such systems. The structural parameters of the progenitor ellipticals were chosen to produce merger remnants resembling NGC 1600. We test initial stellar density slopes of $ρ\propto r^{-1}$ and $ρ\propto r^{-3/2}$ and vary the i…
Supermassive stars with embedded stellar black hole cores: dense assembling star clusters as faint multiple Little Red Dot systems
University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）；Kavli Institute for Cosmology, Cambridge (KICC), University of Cambridge（剑桥大学卡弗里宇宙学研究所）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik（马克斯·普朗克天体物理研究所）
A galaxy merger is expected to cause the formation of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) binary, which itself eventually coalesces through the anisotropic emission of gravitational waves. This may result in the merged SMBH receiving a recoil kick velocity ~100 - 1000 km/s, causing it to oscillate in the gravitational potential of the host galaxy. The luminous quasar E1821+643, identified as an SMBH recoil candidate via spectropolarimetry observations, shows Doppler shifting of the broad emission lines in direct and scattered light, consistent with a relative velocity of 2100 km/s between the qua…
We present HST/COS observations of highly ionized absorption lines associated with a radio-loud QSO at $z=1.1319$. The absorption system has multiple velocity components, tracing gas that is largely outflowing from the QSO at velocities of a few 100 km s$^{-1}$. There is an unprecedented range in ionization, with detections of HI, NIII, NIV, NV, OIV, OIV*, OV, OVI, NeVIII, MgX, SV and ArVIII. We estimate the total hydrogen number density from the column density ratio N(OIV*)/N(OIV) to be $\log(n_{\textrm{H}}/\textrm{cm}^3)\sim 3$. Assuming photoionization equilibrium, we derive a distance to t…
As part of the mm-Wave Interferometric Survey of Dark Object Masses (WISDOM), we present a measurement of the mass of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in the nearby early-type galaxy NGC 0383 (radio source 3C 031). This measurement is based on Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-milimeter Array (ALMA) cycle 4 and 5 observations of the 12CO(2-1) emission line with a spatial resolution of 58x32pc2 (0."18x0."1). This resolution, combined with a channel width of 10 km/s, allows us to well resolve the radius of the black hole sphere of influence (measured as R_SOI = 316pc = 0."98), where we detect a cle…
