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arXiv 1301.2669astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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盘组装与超大质量黑洞的M_BH-σ关系

Disk Assembly and the M_BH-sigma Relation of Supermassive Black Holes

Victor P. Debattista, Stelios Kazantzidis, Frank C. van den Bosch

摘要:

最近的哈勃太空望远镜(HST)观测表明,大多数z ~ 1-3的活动星系核(AGN)都存在于孤立的盘状星系中,这与通常认为活动星系核是由星系合并引发的观点相反。在这里,我们发展了一个新的测试的宇宙演化的超大质量黑洞(SMBH)在盘星系考虑本地人口的SMBH。我们表明,当盘组装时,螺旋星系中需要大量的SMBH增长。SMBH的质量与其所在椭球体的速度色散之间存在着密切的关系,即M_BH-σ关系。在盘状星系中,球状体是我们感兴趣的部分。我们探讨了当在M_BH-sigma关系上的凸起与SMBH一起形成,然后在它们周围慢慢地重新形成一个盘时,M_BH-sigma关系的演化。盘的形成压缩了凸起,提高了它的σ。我们提出的证据,这种压缩的形式更大的速度色散的经典凸起相比,在相同质量的椭圆星系。如果不伴随增加的M_BH,则该压缩导致M_BH-西格玛关系中的偏移。我们根据光度数据量化了预期的偏移,并表明,平均而言,SMBH必须增长约50-65%才能保持M_BH-sigma关系。我们没有发现经典的凸起和椭圆星系的M_BH-σ关系有明显的偏移,这意味着SMBH一直与盘一起生长。我们的模拟表明,SMBH增长是必要的本地人口的盘星系保持在M_BH-西格玛关系。

英文摘要:

Recent Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations have revealed that a majority of active galactic nuclei (AGN) at z ~ 1-3 are resident in isolated disk galaxies, contrary to the usual expectation that AGN are triggered by mergers. Here we develop a new test of the cosmic evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in disk galaxies by considering the local population of SMBHs. We show that substantial SMBH growth in spiral galaxies is required as disks assemble. SMBHs exhibit a tight relation between their mass and the velocity dispersion of the spheroid within which they reside, the M_BH-sigma relation. In disk galaxies the bulge is the spheroid of interest. We explore the evolution of the M_BH-sigma relation when bulges form together with SMBHs on the M_BH-sigma relation and then slowly reform a disk around them. The formation of the disk compresses the bulge raising its sigma. We present evidence for such compression in the form of larger velocity dispersion of classical bulges compared with elliptical galaxies at the same mass. This compression leads to an offset in the M_BH-sigma relation if it is not accompanied by an increased M_BH. We quantify the expected offset based on photometric data and show that, on average, SMBHs must grow by ~ 50-65% just to remain on the M_BH-sigma relation. We find no significant offset in the M_BH-sigma relations of classical bulges and of ellipticals, implying that SMBHs have been growing along with disks. Our simulations demonstrate that SMBH growth is necessary for the local population of disk galaxies to have remained on the M_BH-sigma relation.

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