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arXiv 1601.00645astro-ph.GA
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用巨脉泽法测量超大质量黑洞质量

Towards Precision Supermassive Black Hole Masses using Megamaser Disks

Remco C. E. van den Bosch, Jenny E. Greene, James A. Braatz, Anca Constantin, Cheng-Yu Kuo

摘要:

巨脉泽盘提供了最精确和准确的河外超大质量黑洞质量。在这里,我们描述了在附近的星系使用绿岸望远镜(GBT)的超脉泽的搜索。我们专注于星系,我们相信,我们可以解决的引力影响范围的黑洞,并得出恒星或气体动力学测量光学或近红外观测。由于只有极少数的超大质量黑洞(SMBH)有直接的黑洞质量测量从一个以上的方法,即使是一个单一的星系与超脉泽盘和恒星动力学黑洞质量将提供必要的检查恒星动力学方法。我们瞄准了来自Hobby-Eberly望远镜大质量星系巡天的87个物体,没有发现新的脉泽盘。大多数目标物体是椭圆星系,典型的恒星速度色散为250公里/秒,距离在130 Mpc以内。我们讨论了我们的未检测的含义,无论它们是否意味着微波激射所需的阈值X射线光度,或者可能反映了在低爱丁顿比下维持质量更大(>10^8 Msun)的黑洞周围的微波激射盘的困难。鉴于在探测黑洞吸积和人口统计的功率脉泽磁盘,我们建议,未来的脉泽搜索应努力消除剩余的样本偏差,以整理出这些协变效应的重要性。

英文摘要:

Megamaser disks provide the most precise and accurate extragalactic supermassive black hole masses. Here we describe a search for megamasers in nearby galaxies using the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). We focus on galaxies where we believe that we can resolve the gravitational sphere of influence of the black hole and derive a stellar or gas dynamical measurement with optical or NIR observations. Since there are only a handful of super massive black holes (SMBH) that have direct black hole mass measurements from more than one method, even a single galaxy with a megamaser disk and a stellar dynamical black hole mass would provide necessary checks on the stellar dynamical methods. We targeted 87 objects from the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Massive Galaxy Survey, and detected no new maser disks. Most of the targeted objects are elliptical galaxies with typical stellar velocity dispersions of 250 km/s and distances within 130 Mpc. We discuss the implications of our non-detections, whether they imply a threshold X-ray luminosity required for masing, or possibly reflect the difficulty of maintaining a masing disk around much more massive (>10^8 Msun) black holes at low Eddington ratio. Given the power of maser disks at probing black hole accretion and demographics, we suggest that future maser searches should endeavour to remove remaining sample biases, in order to sort out the importance of these covariant effects.

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