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arXiv 2412.01482astro-ph.GA
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NGC3521作为银河系的类比:从紫外到射电的光谱能量分布及光度变化

NGC3521 as the Milky Way analogue: spectral energy distributon from UV to Radio and photometric variability

Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine(乌克兰国家科学院主天文台);Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv(基辅塔拉斯舍甫琴科国立大学物理学院);International Center for Astronomical, Medical and Ecological Research(国际天文、医学与生态研究中心)

O. S. Pastoven, O. V. Kompaniiets, I. B. Vavilova, I. O. Izviekova

AI总结:

研究NGC 3521的光谱能量分布及光度变化,确认其核活动为LINER,发现弱光度变化并确定其恒星质量、尘埃质量和恒星形成率。

摘要:

我们研究了NGC 3521的多波段性质,从紫外到射电,利用GALEX的数据进行紫外观测,利用SDSS进行光学观测,利用2MASS、WISE、MIPS(斯皮策)、PACS、SPIRE(赫歇尔)进行近红外观测,利用NRAO VLA进行射电观测。为了获得光谱能量分布(SED),我们利用CIGALE软件,构建了不包含(模型A)和包含(模型B)活动星系核模块的SED。NGC 3521的核活动类型被确认为LINER。我们还展示了光度数据处理的结果。探索2018-2024年的ZTF观测,我们首次发现核活动的弱光度变化,其中长期时间尺度上的g-r色指数与g-星等之间的相关性显示出BWB趋势(更蓝-更亮),相关系数r(g-r)=0.56,属于中等相关性。为了检测NGC 3521在白天(IDV)的变化,我们使用位于Terskol天文台的Zeiss-600望远镜(口径8")进行观测。2022年2月11日,使用R滤光片进行90秒曝光,持续3小时获得的数据显示亮度呈现增加趋势,变化幅度为0.04±0.001 mag。根据模拟结果,最佳拟合观测SED的是模型A,该模型考虑了所有星系成分的辐射贡献,假设星系核是不活跃的。在此模型中,我们得到了恒星质量M_star=2.13×10^10 M_sun,尘埃质量M_dust=8.45×10^7 M_sun,以及恒星形成率SFR=1.76 M_sun·yr^-1,χ^2/d.o.f=1.8。此外,基于HIPASS射电数据,我们估计中性氢质量为M_HI=1.3×10^10 M_sun,比恒星质量大一个数量级。

英文摘要:

We studied the multiwavelength properties of NGC 3521, the Milky Way galaxy-twin, from UV- to radio, exploring the data from GALEX for UV-, SDSS for optical, 2MASS, WISE, MIPS (Spitzer) and PACS, SPIRE (Herschel) for IR-, and NRAO VLA for radio ranges. To obtain the spectral energy distribution (SED), we exploited the CIGALE software and constructed SEDs without (model A) and with (model B) AGN module. The type of nuclear activity of NGC 3521 is confirmed as the LINER. We also present the results of the photometric data processing. Exploring the ZTF observations in 2018-2024, we found, for the first time, a weak photometric variability of the nuclear activity, where the correlation between g-r color indices and g-magnitude for long-term timescale shows a BWB trend (bluer-when-brighter) with a Pearson coefficient r(g-r)=0.56, which is a medium correlation. To detect the variability of NGC 3521 during the day (IDV), we provided observations using a Zeiss-600 telescope with an aperture size of 8" at the Terskol observatory. The data obtained in the R-filter with an exposure of 90 sec for three hours on Feb 11, 2022, serve in favor of a trend towards an increase in brightness with the amplitude of variability of 0.04 +- 0.001 mag. According to the results of the simulations, the best fit to the observed SED is provided by model A, which considers the contribution to the radiation from all galaxy components, assuming that the galaxy nucleus is inactive. Within this model, we derived the stellar mass M$_{star}$ = 2.13 * 10$^{10} M_{Sun}$, the dust mass M$_{dust}$ = 8.45 * 10$^{7} M_{Sun}$, and the star formation rate SFR = 1.76 $M_{Sun}$ * yr$^{-1}$ with $χ^{2}$/d.o.f = 1.8. Also, based on the HIPASS radio data, we estimated the mass of neutral hydrogen to be M$_{HI}$ = 1.3 * 10$^{10} M_{Sun}$, which is an order of magnitude greater than the mass of the stellar component.

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