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arXiv 2406.04166astro-ph.GA
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银河系中心黑洞周围恒星的测光分类:I. 中心秒差距

Photometric Classification of Stars Around the Milky Way's Central Black Hole: I. Central Parsec

E. Gallego-Cano, T. Fritz, R. Schödel, A. Feldmeier-Krause, T. Do, S. Nishiyama

AI总结:

本研究利用中带测光结合三种算法,对银河系中心黑洞附近恒星分类,发现早型恒星密度向黑洞陡增,中心区域年轻恒星呈顶重初始质量函数,外围符合标准定律,揭示了不同的恒星形成机制。

摘要:

银河系中心(GC)存在大质量年轻恒星的现象,引发了人们对人马座A*(Sgr A*)黑洞附近恒星形成问题的疑问。此外,该区域的初始质量函数(IMF)似乎与标准的Salpeter/Kroupa定律不同。极端的消光和恒星拥挤限制了我们对恒星族的理解,目前仅有选定亮源的光谱数据可用。我们的目标是增进对Sgr A*附近大质量年轻恒星分布及IMF的认识。我们利用中带(IB)测光技术,通过贝叶斯推断、神经网络和梯度提升树算法识别大质量年轻恒星候选体。我们获取了6590颗恒星的光谱能量分布,其中1181颗此前已通过光谱法分类。我们识别出351颗被三种方法均归类为早型的恒星,其中包括155颗新发现的候选体。晚型和早型恒星的径向密度剖面符合折断幂律分布,早型恒星的折断半径为9.2±0.6角秒。晚型恒星在Sgr A*周围呈现类核分布,而早型恒星的密度向黑洞方向急剧上升。我们推断Sgr A*附近(半径<9角秒)的年轻恒星具有顶重IMF,其幂律指数为1.6±0.1;在更远距离处,标准Salpeter/Kroupa IMF与数据吻合。中带测光还约束了晚型恒星的金属丰度,估算了600多颗恒星的金属丰度。IMF随径向距离的变化表明存在不同的恒星形成机制,Sgr A*附近的顶重IMF与盘状恒星形成过程一致。

英文摘要:

The presence of young massive stars in the Galactic Centre (GC) raises questions about star formation near the black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). Additionally, the initial mass function (IMF) in this region appears different from the standard Salpeter/Kroupa law. Extreme extinction and crowding limit our understanding of the stellar population, with spectroscopic data available only for selected bright sources. We aim to improve knowledge about the distribution and IMF of young, massive stars near Sgr A*. Using intermediate band (IB) photometry, we identify candidates for massive young stars through Bayesian inference, a neural network, and a gradient-boosted trees algorithm. We obtained spectral energy distributions for 6590 stars, 1181 of which have been previously classified spectroscopically. We identify 351 stars classified as early types by all three methods, including 155 newly identified candidates. The radial density profiles for late and early-type stars fit broken power laws, with a break radius of 9.2 +- 0.6'' for early-type stars. Late-type stars show a core-like distribution around Sgr A*, while early-type stars' density increases steeply towards the black hole. We infer a top-heavy IMF of young stars near Sgr A* (R < 9''), with a power-law of 1.6 +- 0.1. At greater distances, a standard Salpeter/Kroupa IMF fits the data. IB photometry also constrains the metallicities of late-type stars, estimating metallicities for over 600 stars. The IMF variation with radial distance suggests different star formation mechanisms, with a top-heavy IMF near Sgr A* consistent with disc star formation.

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