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arXiv 2409.02196astro-ph.EP
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行星形成盘中的引力不稳定性

Gravitational instability in a planet-forming disk

Jessica Speedie, Ruobing Dong, Cassandra Hall, Cristiano Longarini, Benedetta Veronesi, Teresa Paneque-Carreño, Giuseppe Lodato, Ya-Wen Tang, Richard Teague, Jun Hashimoto

AI总结:

本文通过ALMA对AB Aurigae盘中13CO和C18O的深度观测,提供了引力不稳定性的运动学证据,并推断盘质量最高可达恒星质量的1/3,支持巨型原行星可由旋臂碎裂直接形成的替代理论。

摘要:

关于星周盘中行星形成的经典理论提出,行星是从最初小得多的种子生长而成的。长期以来的替代理论则提出,巨型原行星可以直接由引力不稳定性引发的大尺度旋臂碎裂形成——前提是盘处于引力不稳定状态。要实现这一点,盘的质量必须相对于中心恒星足够大:盘与恒星质量比为1/10被广泛认为是触发引力不稳定性的粗略阈值,从而引发显著的非开普勒动力学并产生明显的旋臂。尽管历史上估算盘质量一直具有挑战性,但气体的运动可以通过其对盘速度结构的影响来揭示引力不稳定性的存在。在这里,我们利用阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列(ALMA)对13CO和C18O谱线发射的深度观测,展示了AB Aurigae周围盘中引力不稳定性的运动学证据。观测到的运动学信号与数值模拟和解析模型的预测高度相似。通过定量比较,我们推断在天空中1"至5"范围内所包含的盘质量最高可达恒星质量的1/3。

英文摘要:

The canonical theory for planet formation in circumstellar disks proposes that planets are grown from initially much smaller seeds. The long-considered alternative theory proposes that giant protoplanets can be formed directly from collapsing fragments of vast spiral arms induced by gravitational instability -- if the disk is gravitationally unstable. For this to be possible, the disk must be massive compared to the central star: a disk-to-star mass ratio of 1/10 is widely held as the rough threshold for triggering gravitational instability, inciting significant non-Keplerian dynamics and generating prominent spiral arms. While estimating disk masses has historically been challenging, the motion of the gas can reveal the presence of gravitational instability through its effect on the disk velocity structure. Here we present kinematic evidence of gravitational instability in the disk around AB Aurigae, using deep observations of 13CO and C18O line emission with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The observed kinematic signals strongly resemble predictions from simulations and analytic modelling. From quantitative comparisons, we infer a disk mass of up to 1/3 the stellar mass enclosed within 1" to 5" on the sky.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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