从富气光学薄尘埃云的光电不稳定性中解开行星
Disentangling Planets from Photoelectric Instability in Gas-Rich Optically Thin Dusty Disks
摘要：
星周盘中的结构，如间隙和环，通常被认为是行星。这种联系很难明确地表明，因为其他过程也可能产生这些特征。特别是，光电不稳定性（PEI）已被提出，在富含气体的光学薄磁盘，产生预测的行星-磁盘相互作用的结构。我们研究的问题，如何解开行星盘结构的影响PEI。我们使用的2D全球流体动力学模型的气体和尘埃的动力学在一个薄盘，有和没有行星摄动。光电加热模型与状态方程的压力是成比例的灰尘表面密度。计算中考虑了颗粒所受的曳力及其对气体的反作用。分析没有PEI的情况下，我们发现，气体-尘埃相互作用改变的形状的行星间隙从无尘的情况下，当地的尘埃-气体比$\varepsilon$接近1。这一结果也适用于原始盘，因为向内漂移的尘埃在行星间隙的边缘聚集，如果尘埃储备足够，任何初始的尘埃与气体的比例最终都会达到$\varepsilon=1$。我们发现一个结果，特别是高的尘埃气体比磁盘以及：作为灰尘漂移向内，尘埃前成为一个尖锐的过渡，和反反应触发的Rossby波不稳定性。当PEI被包括在内时，我们发现它掩盖了行星引起的结构，除非行星的质量足够大，可以雕刻出明显的缺口。具体来说，这种不稳定性会产生规则间距的弧和环：当一颗行星雕刻出一个比PEI波长更宽的尘埃间隙时，它就可以被识别出来。
英文摘要：
Structures in circumstellar disks such as gaps and rings are often attributed to planets. This connection has been difficult to show unequivocally, as other processes may also produce these features. Particularly, a photoelectric instability (PEI) has been proposed, operating in gas-rich optically thin disks, that generates structures predicted by planet--disk interactions. We examine the question of how to disentangle planetary effects on disk structure from the effects of the PEI. We use the Pencil Code to perform 2D global hydrodynamical models of the dynamics of gas and dust in a thin disk, with and without planetary perturbers. Photoelectric heating is modeled with an equation of state where pressure is proportional to dust surface density. The drag force on grains and its backreaction on the gas are included. Analyzing the situation without PEI, we find that gas--dust interactions alter the shape of the planetary gap from the dust-free case when the local dust-to-gas ratio $\varepsilon$ approaches unity. This result applies also to primordial disks, because dust drifting inwards accumulates at the edge of the planetary gap, and any initial dust-to-gas ratio eventually achieves $\varepsilon=1$ if the dust reservoir is sufficient. We find a result particular to high dust-to-gas ratio disks as well: as dust drifts inwards, the dust front becomes a sharp transition, and the backreaction triggers the Rossby wave instability. When PEI is included, we find that it obscures structures induced by planets unless the planet's mass is sufficiently large to carve a noticeable gap. Specifically, the instability generates arcs and rings of regular spacing: a planet is discernible when it carves a dust gap wider than the wavelength of the PEI.
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