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arXiv 2409.01255astro-ph.GA
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PAMS:英仙臂分子巡天——I. 巡天描述与初步结果

PAMS: The Perseus Arm Molecular Survey -- I. Survey description and first results

Andrew J. Rigby, Mark A. Thompson, David J. Eden, Toby J. T. Moore, Mubela Mutale, Nicolas Peretto, Rene Plume, James S. Urquhart, Gwenllian M. Williams, Malcolm J. Currie

AI总结:

针对分子云外部环境的星系间差异问题,本文介绍PAMS巡天(JCMT开展的英仙外旋臂¹²CO等分子谱线观测),公开数据并对比银河系内外区域,发现¹³CO结构性质相似,差异可由银道梯度等因素解释。

摘要:

分子云周围的外部环境在银河系等星系中差异很大,需要云的统计样本才能理解它们。我们介绍英仙臂分子巡天(PAMS),这是一项詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦望远镜(JCMT)巡天,结合了英仙外旋臂中分子云复合体在¹²CO、¹³CO和C¹⁸O(J=3-2)波段的新数据和存档数据。PAMS的巡天面积约为8平方度,覆盖W3、W5和NGC 7538等知名复合体,观测区域位于ℓ≈110°和ℓ≈135°。PAMS的有效分辨率为17角秒,在0.3 km s⁻¹通道中的均方根灵敏度为Tₘᵦ=0.7-1.0 K。本文首次展示该数据,并将银河系外部的PAMS区域与来自CO外差内银河系平面巡天(CHIMPS)的内部区域进行比较。通过将各种CO数据与赫歇尔望远镜的H₂柱密度图对比,我们计算出CO到H₂柱密度的X因子代表值:X_{¹²CO(3-2)}=4.0×10²⁰ cm⁻²(K km s⁻¹)⁻¹,X_{¹³CO(3-2)}=4.0×10²¹ cm⁻²(K km s⁻¹)⁻¹,不确定度为1.5倍。我们发现,¹³CO示踪结构的发射谱、大小-线宽关系和质量-半径关系在银河系内外相似。尽管在给定尺度下PAMS源的质量略高于银河系内部对应源,但这种差异可由气体-尘埃质量比的银道梯度、X因子的不确定性和选择偏差解释。我们已公开PAMS数据,补充了针对银河系不同区域、不同同位素和跃迁的其他CO巡天。

英文摘要:

The external environments surrounding molecular clouds vary widely across galaxies such as the Milky Way, and statistical samples of clouds are required to understand them. We present the Perseus Arm Molecular Survey (PAMS), a James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) survey combining new and archival data of molecular-cloud complexes in the outer Perseus spiral arm in $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, and C$^{18}$O ($J$=3-2). With a survey area of $\sim$8 deg$^2$, PAMS covers well-known complexes such as W3, W5, and NGC 7538 with two fields at $\ell \approx 110^{\circ}$ and $\ell \approx 135^{\circ}$. PAMS has an effective resolution of 17 arcsec, and rms sensitivity of $T_\mathrm{mb} = 0.7$-1.0 K in 0.3 km s$^{-1}$ channels. Here we present a first look at the data, and compare the PAMS regions in the Outer Galaxy with Inner Galaxy regions from the CO Heterodyne Inner Milky Way Plane Survey (CHIMPS). By comparing the various CO data with maps of H$_2$ column density from Herschel, we calculate representative values for the CO-to-H$_2$ column-density $X$-factors, which are $X_{^{12}\mathrm{CO (3-2)}}=4.0\times10^{20}$ and $X_{^{13}\mathrm{CO (3-2)}}=4.0\times10^{21}$cm$^{-2}$ (K km s$^{-1}$)$^{-1}$ with a factor of 1.5 uncertainty. We find that the emission profiles, size-linewidth and mass-radius relationships of $^{13}$CO-traced structures are similar between the Inner and Outer Galaxy. Although PAMS sources are slightly more massive than their Inner Galaxy counterparts for a given size scale, the discrepancy can be accounted for by the Galactic gradient in gas-to-dust mass ratio, uncertainties in the $X$-factors, and selection biases. We have made the PAMS data publicly available, complementing other CO surveys targeting different regions of the Galaxy in different isotopologues and transitions.

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