The MICADO first light imager for the ELT: overview and current Status
E. Sturm, R. Davies, J. Alves, Y. Clénet, J. Kotilainen, A. Monna, H. Nicklas, J. -U. Pott, E. Tolstoy, B. Vulcani, J. Achren, S. Annadevara, H. Anwand-Heerwart… 展开作者
E. Sturm, R. Davies, J. Alves, Y. Clénet, J. Kotilainen, A. Monna, H. Nicklas, J. -U. Pott, E. Tolstoy, B. Vulcani, J. Achren, S. Annadevara, H. Anwand-Heerwart, C. Arcidiacono, S. Barboza, L. Barl, P. Baudoz, R. Bender, N. Bezawada, F. Biondi, P. Bizenberger, A. Blin, A. Boné, P. Bonifacio, B. Borgo, J. van den Born, T. Buey, Y. Cao, F. Chapron, G. Chauvin, F. Chemla, K. Cloiseau, M. Cohen, C. Collin, O. Czoske, J. -O. Dette, M. Deysenroth, E. Dijkstra, S. Dreizler, O. Dupuis, G. van Egmond, F. Eisenhauer, E. Elswijk, A. Emslander, M. Fabricius, G. Fasola, F. Ferreira, N. M. Förster Schreiber, A. Fontana, J. Gaudemard, N. Gautherot, E. Gendron, C. Gennet, R. Genzel, L. Ghouchou, S. Gillessen, D. Gratadour, A. Grazian, F. Grupp, S. Guieu, M. Gullieuszik, M. de Haan, J. Hartke, M. Hartl, F. Haussmann, T. Helin, H. -J. Hess, R. Hofferbert, H. Huber, E. Huby, J. -M. Huet, D. Ives, A. Janssen, P. Jaufmann, T. Jilg, D. Jodlbauer, J. Jost, W. Kausch, H. Kellermann, F. Kerber, H. Kravcar, K. Kravchenko, C. Kulcsár, H. Kunkarayakti, P. Kunst, S. Kwast, F. Lang, J. Lange, V. Lapeyrere, B. Le Ruyet, K. Leschinski, H. Locatelli, D. Massari, S. Mattila, S. Mei, F. Merlin, E. Meyer, C. Michel, L. Mohr, M. Montargès, F. Müller, N. Münch, R. Navarro, U. Neumann, N. Neumayer, L. Neumeier, F. Pedichini, A. Pflüger, R. Piazzesi, L. Pinard, J. Porras, E. Portaluri, N. Przybilla, S. Rabien, J. Raffard, R. Raggazoni, R. Ramlau, J. Ramos, S. Ramsay, H. -F. Raynaud, P. Rhode, A. Richter, H. -W. Rix, M. Rodenhuis, R. -R. Rohloff, R. Romp, P. Rousselot, N. Sabha, B. Sassolas, J. Schlichter, M. Schuil, M. Schweitzer, U. Seemann, A. Sevin, M. Simioni, L. Spallek, A. Sönmez, J. Suuronen, S. Taburet, J. Thomas, E. Tisserand, P. Vaccari, E. Valenti, G. Verdoes Kleijn, M. Verdugo, F. Vidal, R. Wagner, M. Wegner, D. van Winden, J. Witschel, A. Zanella, W. Zeilinger, J. Ziegleder, B. Ziegler
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Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 13096, id. 1309611 11 pp. (2024)
MICADO is a first light instrument for the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), set to start operating later this decade. It will provide diffraction limited imaging, astrometry, high contrast imaging, and long slit spectroscopy at near-infrared wavelengths. During the initial phase operations, adaptive optics (AO) correction will be provided by its own natural guide star wavefront sensor. In its final configuration, that AO system will be retained and complemented by the laser guide star multi-conjugate adaptive optics module MORFEO (formerly known as MAORY). Among many other things, MICADO will study exoplanets, distant galaxies and stars, and investigate black holes, such as Sagittarius A* at the centre of the Milky Way. After their final design phase, most components of MICADO have moved on to the manufacturing and assembly phase. Here we summarize the final design of the instrument and provide an overview about its current manufacturing status and the timeline. Some lessons learned from the final design review process will be presented in order to help future instrumentation projects to cope with the challenges arising from the substantial differences between projects for 8-10m class telescopes (e.g. ESO-VLT) and the next generation Extremely Large Telescopes (e.g. ESO-ELT). Finally, the expected performance will be discussed in the context of the current landscape of astronomical observatories and instruments. For instance, MICADO will have similar sensitivity as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), but with six times the spatial resolution.
In this paper, we present the design and the expected performance of the classical Lyot coronagraph for the high contrast imaging modes of the wide-field imager MICADO. MICADO is a near-IR camera for the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT, previously E-ELT), with wide-field, spectroscopic and coronagraphic capabilities. MICADO is one of the first-light instruments selected by the ESO. Optimized to work with a multi-conjugate adaptive optics corrections provided by the MOARY module, it will also come with a SCAO correction with a high-level, on-axis correction, making use of the M4 adaptive mirror …
We report on our ongoing efforts to ensure that the MICADO NIR imager reaches differential absolute (often abbreviated: relative) astrometric performance limited by the SNR of typical observations. The exceptional 39m diameter collecting area in combination with a powerful multi-conjugate adaptive optics system (called MAORY) brings the nominal centroiding error, which scales as FWHM/SNR, down to a few 10 uas. Here we show that an exceptional effort is needed to provide a system which delivers adequate and calibrateable astrometric performance over the full field of view (up to 53 arcsec diame…
MICADO will be the first-light wide-field imager for the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) and will provide difiraction limited imaging (7mas at 1.2mm) over a ~53 arcsecond field of view. In order to support various consortium activities we have developed a first version of SimCADO: an instrument simulator for MICADO. SimCADO uses the results of the detailed simulation efforts conducted for each of the separate consortium-internal work packages in order to generate a model of the optical path from source to detector readout. SimCADO is thus a tool to provide scientific context to both…
MICADO is the adaptive optics imaging camera for the E-ELT. It has been designed and optimised to be mounted to the LGS-MCAO system MAORY, and will provide diffraction limited imaging over a wide (about 1 arcmin) field of view. For initial operations, it can also be used with its own simpler AO module that provides on-axis diffraction limited performance using natural guide stars. We discuss the instrument's key capabilities and expected performance, and show how the science drivers have shaped its design. We outline the technical concept, from the opto-mechanical design to operations and data…
MICADO is a workhorse instrument for the ESO ELT, allowing first light capability for diffraction limited imaging and long-slit spectroscopy at near-infrared wavelengths. The PSF Reconstruction (PSF-R) Team of MICADO is currently implementing, for the first time within all ESO telescopes, a software service devoted to the blind reconstruction of the PSF. This tool will work independently of the science data, using adaptive optics telemetry data, both for Single Conjugate (SCAO) and Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) allowed by the MORFEO module. The PSF-R service will support the state-of-…
MICADO is the Multi-AO Imaging Camera for Deep Observations, and it will be one of the first light instruments of the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). Doing high precision multi-object differential astrometry behind ELT is particularly effective given the increased flux and small diffraction limit. Thanks to its robust design with fixed mirrors and a cryogenic environment, MICADO aims to provide 50 $μ$as absolute differential astrometry (measure star-to-star distances in absolute $μ$as units) over a 53" FoV in the range 1.2-2.5 $μ$m. Tackling high precision astrometry over large FoV requires M…
MICADO is the adaptive optics imaging camera being studied for the E-ELT. Its design has been optimised for use with MCAO, but will have its own SCAO module for the initial operational phase; and in principle could also be used with GLAO or LTAO. In this contribution, we outline a few of the science drivers for MICADO and show how these have shaped its design. The science drivers have led to a number of requirements on the AO system related to astrometry, photometry, and PSF uniformity. We discuss why these requirements have arisen and what might be done about them.
The MICADO first light imager for the ELT: the PSF Reconstruction Software
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova（意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）；Incident Angle Oy；Max Planck Institut fuer extraterrestrische Physik（马克斯·普朗克地外物理学研究所）；Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku（图尔库大学欧洲南方天文台芬兰天文学中心）；Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku（图尔库大学图奥拉天文台）；INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo（意大利国家天体物理研究所阿布鲁佐天文台）；INAF - Sezione Universitaria di Lecce（意大利国家天体物理研究所莱切大学分部）；INFN - Sezione di Lecce（意大利国家核物理研究所莱切分部）；Industrial Mathematics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz（林茨约翰内斯·开普勒大学工业数学研究所）；RICAM - Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics（Johann Radon计算与应用数学研究所）
The MICADO first light imager for the ELT: first on-bench performance tests of the SCAO hybrid LQG+Integrator controller
LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS（巴黎天文台，巴黎文理研究大学，索邦大学，巴黎西岱大学，塞吉-蓬图瓦兹大学，法国国家科学研究中心）；Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry（巴黎萨克雷大学，高等光学学院，法国国家科学研究中心，夏尔·法布里实验室）；Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics（马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所）
Vector Apodizing Phase Plates for the ELT: From prototype to final optics for METIS and MICADO
ASTRON（荷兰天文研究所）；Leiden Observatory（莱顿天文台）；SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research（荷兰空间研究研究所）；ColorLink Japan, Ltd.（ColorLink日本有限公司）；Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité（巴黎天文台，巴黎文理研究大学，法国国家科学研究中心，索邦大学，巴黎西岱大学）；STAR Institute, Université de Liège（列日大学STAR研究所）
MICADO will equip the E-ELT with a first light capability for diffraction limited imaging at near-infrared wavelengths. The instrument's observing modes focus on various flavours of imaging, including astrometric, high contrast, and time resolved. There is also a single object spectroscopic mode optimised for wavelength coverage at moderately high resolution. This contribution provides an overview of the key functionality of the instrument, outlining the scientific rationale for its observing modes. The interface between MICADO and the adaptive optics system MAORY that feeds it is summarised. …
The differential refraction of light passing through the atmosphere can have a severe impact on image quality if no atmospheric dispersion corrector (ADC) is used. For the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) this holds true well into the infrared. MICADO, the near-infrared imaging camera for the ELT, will employ a cryogenic ADC consisting of two counter-rotating Amici prisms with diameters of 125 mm. The mechanism will reduce the atmospheric dispersion to below 2.5 milli arcseconds (mas), with a set goal of 1 mas. In this report, we provide an overview of the current status of the ADC in developme…
Aims. In this work we aim to estimate the lowest stellar mass that MICADO at the ELT will be able to reliably detect given a stellar density and distance. We also show that instrumental effects that will play a critical role, and report the number of young clusters that will be accessible for IMF studies in the local Universe with the ELT. Methods. We used SimCADO, the instrument simulator package for the MICADO camera, to generate observations of 56 dense stellar regions with densities similar to the cores of young stellar clusters. We placed the cluster fields at distances between 8 kpc and …
MICADO will enable the ELT to perform diffraction limited near-infrared observations at first light. The instrument's capabilities focus on imaging (including astrometric and high contrast) as well as single object spectroscopy. This contribution looks at how requirements from the observing modes have driven the instrument design and functionality. Using examples from specific science cases, and making use of the data simulation tool, an outline is presented of what we can expect the instrument to achieve.
The Multi-adaptive optics Imaging CamerA for Deep Observations (MICADO) will image a field of view of nearly 1 arcminute at the diffraction limit of the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), making use of the adaptive optics correction provided by single-conjugate adaptive optics (SCAO) and multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO). Its simple and robust design will yield an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and resolution across the field. This article outlines the characteristics of the observing modes offered and illustrates each of them with an astrophysical application. Potential users can…
The MICADO first light imager for the ELT: Simulated Observations of Star Forming Clumps at Cosmic Noon
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova（意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo（意大利国家天体物理研究所阿布鲁佐天文台）；INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna（意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛纳天文物理与空间科学观测站）；European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）
本文评估 ELT 的 MICADO 仪器通过模拟观测表征非透镜 z=2 星系中恒星形成团块的能力，证明其可探测至 R_e~20 pc 的团块，填补关键观测空白。
MICADO is a near-IR camera for the Europea ELT, featuring an extended field (75" diameter) for imaging, and also spectrographic and high contrast imaging capabilities. It has been chosen by ESO as one of the two first-light instruments. Although it is ultimately aimed at being fed by the MCAO module called MAORY, MICADO will come with an internal SCAO system that will be complementary to it and will deliver a high performance on axis correction, suitable for coronagraphic and pupil masking applications. The basis of the pupil masking approach is to ensure the stability of the optical transfer …
The point spread function reconstruction (PSF-R) capability is a deliverable of the MICADO@ESO-ELT project. The PSF-R team works on the implementation of the instrument software devoted to reconstruct the point spread function (PSF), independently of the science data, using adaptive optics (AO) telemetry data, both for Single Conjugate (SCAO) and Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) mode of the MICADO camera and spectrograph. The PSF-R application will provide reconstructed PSFs through an archive querying system to restore the telemetry data synchronous to each science frame that MICADO wil…
In this article we identify and discuss various statistical and systematic effects influencing the astrometric accuracy achievable with MICADO, the near-infrared imaging camera proposed for the 42-metre European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT). These effects are instrumental (e.g. geometric distortion), atmospheric (e.g. chromatic differential refraction), and astronomical (reference source selection). We find that there are several phenomena having impact on ~100 micro-arcsec scales, meaning they can be substantially larger than the theoretical statistical astrometric accuracy of an optical…
The achievement of $μ$arcsec relative astrometry with ground-based, near infrared, extremely large telescopes requires a significant endeavour of calibration strategies. In this paper we address the removal of instrument optical distortions coming from the ELT first light instrument MICADO and its adaptive optics system MAORY by means of an astrometric calibration mask. The results of the test campaign on a prototype mask (scale 1:2) has probed the manufacturing precision down to $\sim$ 50nm/1mm scale, leading to a relative precision $δσ\sim 5e-5$. The assessed manufacturing precision indicate…
MAORY is the Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics RelaY for the European ELT aimed at providing a 1 arcmin corrected field to MICADO, a near-infrared spectro-imager with a focus on astrometry. In this paper we re-view the main requirements and analysis that justify the current adaptive optics architecture and subsystem requirements. We discuss the wavefront error budget allocation focusing on the worst offenders terms and on a statistical analysis of their dependence on atmospheric and sodium profiles. We present an updated revision of the trade-off studies on the main AO parameters that, along wit…
The Mid-infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph (METIS) will provide the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) with a unique window to the thermal- and mid-infrared (3 - 13 microns). Its single-conjugate adaptive optics (SCAO) system will enable high contrast imaging and integral field unit (IFU) spectroscopy (R~100,000) at the diffraction limit of the ELT. This article describes the science drivers, conceptual design, observing modes, and expected performance of METIS.
One of the key science goals for a diffraction limited imager on an Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) is the resolution of individual stars down to faint limits in distant galaxies. The aim of this study is to test the proposed capabilities of a multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) assisted imager working at the diffraction limit, in IJHK$_s$ filters, on a 42m diameter ELT to carry out accurate stellar photometry in crowded images in an Elliptical-like galaxy at the distance of the Virgo cluster. As the basis for realistic simulations we have used the phase A studies of the European-ELT projec…
MAORY is the Adaptive Optic (AO) module that will be installed at the E-ELT at the first light of the telescope. It will provide two different types of AO correction, a very high correction over a small FoV (diameter ~10 arcsec, SCAO mode) and a moderate and homogeneous correction over a wide FoV (diameter ~60 arcsec, MCAO mode). Here we present a first collection of science cases for MAORY feeding the E-ELT first light camera and spectrograph MICADO. Since the general science cases for E-ELT have already been developed elsewhere, here we focus on the design of specific observations, to explor…
MICADO, a near-infrared imager for the Extremely Large Telescope, is being designed to deliver diffraction limited imaging and 50 micro arcsecond ($μ$as) astrometric accuracy. MICADO employs an atmospheric dispersion corrector (ADC) to keep the chromatic elongation of the point spread function (PSF) under control. We must understand the dispersion and residuals after correction to reach the optimum performance. Therefore, we identified several sources of chromatic dispersion that need to be considered for the MICADO ADC. First, we compared common models of atmospheric dispersion to investigate…
The paper discusses an assessment study about the impact of the distortions on the astrometric observations with the Extremely Large Telescope originated from the optics positioning errors and telescope instabilities. Optical simulations combined with Monte Carlo approach reproducing typical inferred opto-mechanical and dynamical instabilities, show RMS distortions between $\sim$ 0.1-5 mas over 1 arcmin field of view. Over minutes timescales the plate scale variations from ELT-M2 caused by wind disturbances and gravity flexures and the field rotation from ELT-M4-M5 induce distortions and PSF j…
Current state-of-the-art adaptive optics (AO) provides ground-based, diffraction-limited observations with high Strehl ratios (SR). However, a detailed knowledge of the point spread function (PSF) is required to fully exploit the scientific potential of these data. This is even more crucial for the next generation AO instruments that will equip 30-meter class telescopes, as the characterization of the PSF will be mandatory to fulfill the planned scientific requirements. For this reason, there is a growing interest in developing tools that accurately reconstruct the observed PSF of AO systems, …
Towards First Light for MICADO: Validation of the PSF-R service with real data
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova（意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台）；ADaptive Optics National laboratory in Italy (ADONI)（意大利自适应光学国家实验室）；Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ”G. Galilei”, Università di Padova（帕多瓦大学伽利略物理与天文系）；Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (RICAM)（奥地利科学院约翰·拉顿计算与应用数学研究所）；INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri（意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切特里天文台）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo（意大利国家天体物理研究所阿布鲁佐天文台）；INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna（意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天体物理与空间科学天文台）；MPE - Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik（马克斯·普朗克地外物理学研究所）；Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, (FINCA), University of Turku（图尔库大学欧洲南方天文台芬兰天文学中心）；Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku（图尔库大学物理与天文系图奥拉天文台）；Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology (TCSMT), University of Turku（图尔库大学科学与技术医学学院）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）；Industrial Mathematics Institute, Johannes Kepler University (JKU)（约瑟夫·开普勒大学工业数学研究所）
We design the imaging data calibration and reduction software for MICADO, the First Light near-IR instrument on the Extremely Large Telescope. In this process we have hit the limit of what can be achieved with a detailed software design that is primarily captured in pdf/word documents. Trade-offs between hardware and calibration software are required to meet stringent science requirements. To support such trade-offs, more software needs to be developed in the early phases of the project: simulators, archives, prototype recipes and pipelines. This requires continuous and efficient exchange of e…
The SOUL project is upgrading the 4 SCAO systems of LBT, pushing the current guide star limits of about 2 magnitudes fainter thanks to Electron Multiplied CCD detector. This improvement will open the NGS SCAO correction to a wider number of scientific cases from high contrast imaging in the visible to extra-galactic source in the NIR. The SOUL systems are today the unique case where pyramid WFS, adaptive secondary and EMCCD are used together. This makes SOUL a pathfinder for most of the ELT SCAO systems like the one of GMT, MICADO and HARMONI of E-ELT, where the same key technologies will be e…
INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri（意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切特里天文台）；ADaptive Optics National laboratory in Italy (ADONI)（意大利自适应光学国家实验室）；Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, National Research Council of Canada（加拿大国家研究委员会赫茨伯格天文学与天体物理学研究所）；INAF Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna (OAS)（意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚空间科学与天体物理观测站）；Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna（博洛尼亚大学）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera（意大利国家天体物理研究所布雷拉天文台）；INAF Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio（意大利国家天体物理研究所空间科学与天体物理观测站）
The large aperture and sensitive optical and near infrared imager spectrographs will enable an ELT system to observe some supernovae at large distances, deep into cosmological history when supernovae first began to occur.
The Multiconjugate adaptive Optic Relay For ELT Observations (MORFEO, formerly known as MAORY) is the adaptive optics (AO) module for the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) aimed at providing a 1 arcmin corrected field to the Multi-AO Imaging CamerA for Deep Observations (MICADO) and to a future client instrument. It should provide resolution close to the diffraction limit on a large portion of the sky and in a wide range of atmospheric conditions. Its ability to provide a flat wavefront must face the known aspect of the atmospheric turbulence and telescope environment, but also the final charact…
METIS will be among the first generation of scientific instruments on the E-ELT. Focusing on highest angular resolution and high spectral resolution, METIS will provide diffraction limited imaging and coronagraphy from 3-14um over an 20"x20" field of view, as well as integral field spectroscopy at R ~ 100,000 from 2.9-5.3um. In addition, METIS provides medium-resolution (R ~ 5000) long slit spectroscopy, and polarimetric measurements at N band. While the baseline concept has already been discussed, this paper focuses on the significant developments over the past two years in several areas: The…
We present results of performance modelling for METIS, the Mid-infrared European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) Imager and Spectrograph. Designed by a consortium of NOVA (Netherlands), UK Astronomy Technology Centre (UK), MPIA Heidelberg (Germany), CEA Saclay (France) and KU Leuven (Belgium), METIS will cover the atmospheric windows in L, M and N-band and will offer imaging, medium-resolution slit spectroscopy (R~1000-3000) and high-resolution integral field spectroscopy (R~100,000). Our model uses a detailed set of input parameters for site characteristics and atmospheric profiles, optical…
LINC-NIRVANA (LN) is a high resolution, near infrared imager that uses a multiple field-of-view, layer-oriented, multi-conjugate AO system, consisting of four multi-pyramid wavefront sensors (two for each arm of the Large Binocular Telescope, each conjugated to a different altitude). The system employs up to 40 star probes, looking at up to 20 natural guide stars simultaneously. Its final goal is to perform Fizeau interferometric imaging, thereby achieving ELT-like spatial resolution (22.8 m baseline resolution). For this reason, LN is also equipped with a fringe tracker, a beam combiner and a…
The scientific detector systems for the ESO ELT first-light instruments, HARMONI, MICADO, and METIS, together will require 27 science detectors: seventeen 2.5 $μ$m cutoff H4RG-15 detectors, four 4K x 4K 231-84 CCDs, five 5.3 $μ$m cutoff H2RG detectors, and one 13.5 $μ$m cutoff GEOSNAP detector. This challenging program of scientific detector system development covers everything from designing and producing state-of-the-art detector control and readout electronics, to developing new detector characterization techniques in the lab, to performance modeling and final system verification. We report…
The ELT is a 39m large, ground-based optical and near- to mid-infrared telescope under construction in the Chilean Atacama desert. Operation is planned to start around the middle of the next decade. All first light instruments will come with wavefront sensing devices that allow control of the ELT's intrinsic M4 and M5 wavefront correction units, thus building an adaptive optics (AO) system. To take advantage of the ELT's optical performance, full diffraction-limited operation is required and only a high performance AO system can deliver this. Further technically challenging requirements for th…
The imaging and characterization of a larger range of exoplanets, down to young Jupiters and exo-Earths will require accessing very high contrasts at small angular separations with an increased robustness to aberrations, three constraints that drive current instrumentation development. This goal relies on efficient coronagraphs set up on extremely large diameter telescopes such as the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT), or the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). However, they tend to be subject to specific aberrations that drastically deteriorate the coronagraph perf…
Maximising the mid-infrared high-contrast performance of ELT/METIS despite water vapour seeing
STAR Institute, Université de Liège（列日大学STAR研究所）；Department of SPASE, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur（坎普尔印度理工学院SPASE系）；Australian Astronomical Optics & School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University（麦考瑞大学澳大利亚天文光学与数理学院）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；Leiden Observatory, Leiden University（莱顿大学莱顿天文台）
The next generation of large aperture ground based telescopes will offer the opportunity to perform accurate stellar photometry in very crowded fields. This future capability will allow one to study in detail the stellar population in distant galaxies. In this paper we explore the effect of photometric errors on the stellar metallicity distribution derived from the color distribution of the Red Giant Branch stars in the central regions of galaxies at the distance of the Virgo cluster. We focus on the analysis of the Color-Magnitude Diagrams at different radii in a typical giant Elliptical gala…
ScopeSim is a flexible multipurpose instrument data simulation framework built in Python. It enables both raw and reduced observation data to be simulated for a wide range of telescopes and instruments quickly and efficiently on a personal computer. The software is currently being used to generate simulated raw input data for developing the data reduction pipelines for the MICADO and METIS instruments at the ELT. The ScopeSim environment consists of three main packages which are responsible for providing on-sky target templates (ScopeSim_templates), the data to build the optical models of vari…
Charge migration characterization in the METIS H2RG detectors
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）；Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven（荷语鲁汶大学天文学研究所）；UK Astronomy Technology Centre（英国天文学技术中心）
We quantify the scientific potential for exoplanet imaging with the Mid-infrared E-ELT Imager and Spectrograph (METIS) foreseen as one of the instruments of the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT). We focus on two main science cases: (1) the direct detection of known gas giant planets found by radial velocity (RV) searches; and (2) the direct detection of small (1 - 4 R_earth) planets around the nearest stars. Under the assumptions made in our modeling, in particular on the achievable inner working angle and sensitivity, our analyses reveal that within a reasonable amount of observing t…
The apodized-pupil Lyot coronagraph is one of the most advanced starlight cancellation concepts studied intensively in the past few years. Extreme adaptive optics instruments built for present-day 8m class telescopes will operate with such coronagraph for imagery and spectroscopy of faint stellar companions. Following the development of an early demonstrator in the context of the VLT-SPHERE project (~2012), we manufactured and tested a second APLC prototype in microdots designed for extremely large telescopes. This study has been conducted in the context of the EPICS instrument project for the…
