The MICADO first light imager for the ELT: off-axis performance of PSF reconstruction
Matteo Simioni, Daniel Jodlbauer, Carmelo Arcidiacono, Andrea Grazian, Marco Gullieuszik, Elisa Portaluri, Benedetta Vulcani, Roland Wagner, Anita Zanella, Joha… 展开作者
Matteo Simioni, Daniel Jodlbauer, Carmelo Arcidiacono, Andrea Grazian, Marco Gullieuszik, Elisa Portaluri, Benedetta Vulcani, Roland Wagner, Anita Zanella, Johanna Hartke, Tapio Helin, Hanindyo Kuncarayakti, Elena Masciadri, Fernando Pedichini, Roberto Piazzesi, Alessio Turchi, Piero Vaccari
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8 pages, 4 figures. Proceeding of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2024, Adaptive Optics Systems IX
The highest scientific return, for adaptive optics (AO) observations, is achieved with a reliable reconstruction of the PSF. This is especially true for MICADO@ELT. In this presentation, we will focus on extending the MICADO PSF reconstruction (PSF-R) method to the off-axis case. Specifically, a novel approach based on temporal-based tomography of AO telemetry data has been recently implemented. Results from the PSF-R of both simulated and real data show that, at half isoplanatic angle distances, a precision of about 10-15% is achievable in both Strehl ratio and full-width at half maximum, paving the way to extend the MICADO PSF-R tool also to the multi-conjugated AO case.
In this paper, we present the design and the expected performance of the classical Lyot coronagraph for the high contrast imaging modes of the wide-field imager MICADO. MICADO is a near-IR camera for the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT, previously E-ELT), with wide-field, spectroscopic and coronagraphic capabilities. MICADO is one of the first-light instruments selected by the ESO. Optimized to work with a multi-conjugate adaptive optics corrections provided by the MOARY module, it will also come with a SCAO correction with a high-level, on-axis correction, making use of the M4 adaptive mirror …
We report on our ongoing efforts to ensure that the MICADO NIR imager reaches differential absolute (often abbreviated: relative) astrometric performance limited by the SNR of typical observations. The exceptional 39m diameter collecting area in combination with a powerful multi-conjugate adaptive optics system (called MAORY) brings the nominal centroiding error, which scales as FWHM/SNR, down to a few 10 uas. Here we show that an exceptional effort is needed to provide a system which delivers adequate and calibrateable astrometric performance over the full field of view (up to 53 arcsec diame…
MICADO will be the first-light wide-field imager for the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) and will provide difiraction limited imaging (7mas at 1.2mm) over a ~53 arcsecond field of view. In order to support various consortium activities we have developed a first version of SimCADO: an instrument simulator for MICADO. SimCADO uses the results of the detailed simulation efforts conducted for each of the separate consortium-internal work packages in order to generate a model of the optical path from source to detector readout. SimCADO is thus a tool to provide scientific context to both…
MICADO is the adaptive optics imaging camera for the E-ELT. It has been designed and optimised to be mounted to the LGS-MCAO system MAORY, and will provide diffraction limited imaging over a wide (about 1 arcmin) field of view. For initial operations, it can also be used with its own simpler AO module that provides on-axis diffraction limited performance using natural guide stars. We discuss the instrument's key capabilities and expected performance, and show how the science drivers have shaped its design. We outline the technical concept, from the opto-mechanical design to operations and data…
The point spread function reconstruction (PSF-R) capability is a deliverable of the MICADO@ESO-ELT project. The PSF-R team works on the implementation of the instrument software devoted to reconstruct the point spread function (PSF), independently of the science data, using adaptive optics (AO) telemetry data, both for Single Conjugate (SCAO) and Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) mode of the MICADO camera and spectrograph. The PSF-R application will provide reconstructed PSFs through an archive querying system to restore the telemetry data synchronous to each science frame that MICADO wil…
MICADO is a workhorse instrument for the ESO ELT, allowing first light capability for diffraction limited imaging and long-slit spectroscopy at near-infrared wavelengths. The PSF Reconstruction (PSF-R) Team of MICADO is currently implementing, for the first time within all ESO telescopes, a software service devoted to the blind reconstruction of the PSF. This tool will work independently of the science data, using adaptive optics telemetry data, both for Single Conjugate (SCAO) and Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) allowed by the MORFEO module. The PSF-R service will support the state-of-…
MICADO is the Multi-AO Imaging Camera for Deep Observations, and it will be one of the first light instruments of the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). Doing high precision multi-object differential astrometry behind ELT is particularly effective given the increased flux and small diffraction limit. Thanks to its robust design with fixed mirrors and a cryogenic environment, MICADO aims to provide 50 $μ$as absolute differential astrometry (measure star-to-star distances in absolute $μ$as units) over a 53" FoV in the range 1.2-2.5 $μ$m. Tackling high precision astrometry over large FoV requires M…
MICADO is the adaptive optics imaging camera being studied for the E-ELT. Its design has been optimised for use with MCAO, but will have its own SCAO module for the initial operational phase; and in principle could also be used with GLAO or LTAO. In this contribution, we outline a few of the science drivers for MICADO and show how these have shaped its design. The science drivers have led to a number of requirements on the AO system related to astrometry, photometry, and PSF uniformity. We discuss why these requirements have arisen and what might be done about them.
The MICADO first light imager for the ELT: the PSF Reconstruction Software
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova（意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）；Incident Angle Oy；Max Planck Institut fuer extraterrestrische Physik（马克斯·普朗克地外物理学研究所）；Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku（图尔库大学欧洲南方天文台芬兰天文学中心）；Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku（图尔库大学图奥拉天文台）；INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo（意大利国家天体物理研究所阿布鲁佐天文台）；INAF - Sezione Universitaria di Lecce（意大利国家天体物理研究所莱切大学分部）；INFN - Sezione di Lecce（意大利国家核物理研究所莱切分部）；Industrial Mathematics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz（林茨约翰内斯·开普勒大学工业数学研究所）；RICAM - Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics（Johann Radon计算与应用数学研究所）
The MICADO first light imager for the ELT: first on-bench performance tests of the SCAO hybrid LQG+Integrator controller
LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS（巴黎天文台，巴黎文理研究大学，索邦大学，巴黎西岱大学，塞吉-蓬图瓦兹大学，法国国家科学研究中心）；Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry（巴黎萨克雷大学，高等光学学院，法国国家科学研究中心，夏尔·法布里实验室）；Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics（马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所）
Vector Apodizing Phase Plates for the ELT: From prototype to final optics for METIS and MICADO
ASTRON（荷兰天文研究所）；Leiden Observatory（莱顿天文台）；SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research（荷兰空间研究研究所）；ColorLink Japan, Ltd.（ColorLink日本有限公司）；Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité（巴黎天文台，巴黎文理研究大学，法国国家科学研究中心，索邦大学，巴黎西岱大学）；STAR Institute, Université de Liège（列日大学STAR研究所）
Current state-of-the-art adaptive optics (AO) provides ground-based, diffraction-limited observations with high Strehl ratios (SR). However, a detailed knowledge of the point spread function (PSF) is required to fully exploit the scientific potential of these data. This is even more crucial for the next generation AO instruments that will equip 30-meter class telescopes, as the characterization of the PSF will be mandatory to fulfill the planned scientific requirements. For this reason, there is a growing interest in developing tools that accurately reconstruct the observed PSF of AO systems, …
MICADO will equip the E-ELT with a first light capability for diffraction limited imaging at near-infrared wavelengths. The instrument's observing modes focus on various flavours of imaging, including astrometric, high contrast, and time resolved. There is also a single object spectroscopic mode optimised for wavelength coverage at moderately high resolution. This contribution provides an overview of the key functionality of the instrument, outlining the scientific rationale for its observing modes. The interface between MICADO and the adaptive optics system MAORY that feeds it is summarised. …
The differential refraction of light passing through the atmosphere can have a severe impact on image quality if no atmospheric dispersion corrector (ADC) is used. For the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) this holds true well into the infrared. MICADO, the near-infrared imaging camera for the ELT, will employ a cryogenic ADC consisting of two counter-rotating Amici prisms with diameters of 125 mm. The mechanism will reduce the atmospheric dispersion to below 2.5 milli arcseconds (mas), with a set goal of 1 mas. In this report, we provide an overview of the current status of the ADC in developme…
We present our investigation into the impact of wavefront errors on high accuracy astrometry using Fourier Optics. MICADO, the upcoming near-IR imaging instrument for the Extremely Large Telescope, will offer capabilities for relative astrometry with an accuracy of 50 micro arcseconds (μas). Due to the large size of the point spread function (PSF) compared to the astrometric requirement, the detailed shape and position of the PSF on the detector must be well understood. Furthermore, because the atmospheric dispersion corrector of MICADO is a moving component within an otherwise mostly static i…
Aims. In this work we aim to estimate the lowest stellar mass that MICADO at the ELT will be able to reliably detect given a stellar density and distance. We also show that instrumental effects that will play a critical role, and report the number of young clusters that will be accessible for IMF studies in the local Universe with the ELT. Methods. We used SimCADO, the instrument simulator package for the MICADO camera, to generate observations of 56 dense stellar regions with densities similar to the cores of young stellar clusters. We placed the cluster fields at distances between 8 kpc and …
MICADO will enable the ELT to perform diffraction limited near-infrared observations at first light. The instrument's capabilities focus on imaging (including astrometric and high contrast) as well as single object spectroscopy. This contribution looks at how requirements from the observing modes have driven the instrument design and functionality. Using examples from specific science cases, and making use of the data simulation tool, an outline is presented of what we can expect the instrument to achieve.
Towards First Light for MICADO: Validation of the PSF-R service with real data
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova（意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台）；ADaptive Optics National laboratory in Italy (ADONI)（意大利自适应光学国家实验室）；Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ”G. Galilei”, Università di Padova（帕多瓦大学伽利略物理与天文系）；Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (RICAM)（奥地利科学院约翰·拉顿计算与应用数学研究所）；INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri（意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切特里天文台）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo（意大利国家天体物理研究所阿布鲁佐天文台）；INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna（意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天体物理与空间科学天文台）；MPE - Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik（马克斯·普朗克地外物理学研究所）；Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, (FINCA), University of Turku（图尔库大学欧洲南方天文台芬兰天文学中心）；Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku（图尔库大学物理与天文系图奥拉天文台）；Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology (TCSMT), University of Turku（图尔库大学科学与技术医学学院）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）；Industrial Mathematics Institute, Johannes Kepler University (JKU)（约瑟夫·开普勒大学工业数学研究所）
The MICADO first light imager for the ELT: Simulated Observations of Star Forming Clumps at Cosmic Noon
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova（意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo（意大利国家天体物理研究所阿布鲁佐天文台）；INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna（意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛纳天文物理与空间科学观测站）；European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）
本文评估 ELT 的 MICADO 仪器通过模拟观测表征非透镜 z=2 星系中恒星形成团块的能力，证明其可探测至 R_e~20 pc 的团块，填补关键观测空白。
On certain extent the behavior of the Adaptive Optics correction for Extremely Large Telescope scales with diameter size. But in Ground Layer Adaptive Optics the combined effect of a Large Field of View and the large overlap of Guide Stars pupil footprints at high atmospheric altitude introduces severe changes in the behavior of the correction returning a very different distribution of the energy going from known 8-10meter to 100m diameters. In this paper we identify the reasons and the ways of these different behaviors.
One of the key science goals for a diffraction limited imager on an Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) is the resolution of individual stars down to faint limits in distant galaxies. The aim of this study is to test the proposed capabilities of a multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) assisted imager working at the diffraction limit, in IJHK$_s$ filters, on a 42m diameter ELT to carry out accurate stellar photometry in crowded images in an Elliptical-like galaxy at the distance of the Virgo cluster. As the basis for realistic simulations we have used the phase A studies of the European-ELT projec…
MAORY is the Adaptive Optic (AO) module that will be installed at the E-ELT at the first light of the telescope. It will provide two different types of AO correction, a very high correction over a small FoV (diameter ~10 arcsec, SCAO mode) and a moderate and homogeneous correction over a wide FoV (diameter ~60 arcsec, MCAO mode). Here we present a first collection of science cases for MAORY feeding the E-ELT first light camera and spectrograph MICADO. Since the general science cases for E-ELT have already been developed elsewhere, here we focus on the design of specific observations, to explor…
We design the imaging data calibration and reduction software for MICADO, the First Light near-IR instrument on the Extremely Large Telescope. In this process we have hit the limit of what can be achieved with a detailed software design that is primarily captured in pdf/word documents. Trade-offs between hardware and calibration software are required to meet stringent science requirements. To support such trade-offs, more software needs to be developed in the early phases of the project: simulators, archives, prototype recipes and pipelines. This requires continuous and efficient exchange of e…
The SOUL project is upgrading the 4 SCAO systems of LBT, pushing the current guide star limits of about 2 magnitudes fainter thanks to Electron Multiplied CCD detector. This improvement will open the NGS SCAO correction to a wider number of scientific cases from high contrast imaging in the visible to extra-galactic source in the NIR. The SOUL systems are today the unique case where pyramid WFS, adaptive secondary and EMCCD are used together. This makes SOUL a pathfinder for most of the ELT SCAO systems like the one of GMT, MICADO and HARMONI of E-ELT, where the same key technologies will be e…
INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri（意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切特里天文台）；ADaptive Optics National laboratory in Italy (ADONI)（意大利自适应光学国家实验室）；Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, National Research Council of Canada（加拿大国家研究委员会赫茨伯格天文学与天体物理学研究所）；INAF Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna (OAS)（意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚空间科学与天体物理观测站）；Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna（博洛尼亚大学）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera（意大利国家天体物理研究所布雷拉天文台）；INAF Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio（意大利国家天体物理研究所空间科学与天体物理观测站）
Modern Giant Segmented Mirror Telescopes (GSMT) like the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), currently under construction depend heavily on Adaptive Optics (AO) systems to correct for atmospheric turbulence. To be able to correct wider fields of view (FoV), Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) systems were introduced, which use multiple guide stars to obtain an almost uniform correction over the FoV. However, a residual blur remains in the astronmical images due to the time delay stemming from the wavefront sensor (WFS) integration time and temporal response of the deformable mirror(s) (DM). Th…
The scientific detector systems for the ESO ELT first-light instruments, HARMONI, MICADO, and METIS, together will require 27 science detectors: seventeen 2.5 $μ$m cutoff H4RG-15 detectors, four 4K x 4K 231-84 CCDs, five 5.3 $μ$m cutoff H2RG detectors, and one 13.5 $μ$m cutoff GEOSNAP detector. This challenging program of scientific detector system development covers everything from designing and producing state-of-the-art detector control and readout electronics, to developing new detector characterization techniques in the lab, to performance modeling and final system verification. We report…
The Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) has two 8.4-m primary mirrors that produce beams that can be combined coherently in a "Fizeau" interferometric mode. In principle, the Fizeau PSF enables the probing of structure at a resolution up to three times better than that of the adaptive-optics-corrected PSF of a single 8.4-m telescope. In this work, we examined the nearby star Altair (5.13 pc, type A7V, $\sim$100s Myr to $\approx$1.4 Gyr) in the Fizeau mode with the LBT at Br-$α$ (4.05 $μ$m) and carried out angular differential imaging to search for companions. This work presents the first filled-ap…
