Traditional view of the anomalous Hall effect~(AHE) in ferromagnets is that it arises from the magnetization perpendicular to the measurement plane and that there is a linear dependence on the latter. Underlying such a view is the thinking that the AHE is a time-reversal symmetry breaking phenomenon and can therefore be treated in terms of a power series in the magnetic order. However, this view is squarely challenged by a number of experiments recently, urging for a thorough theoretical investigation on the fundamental level. We find that for strong magnets, it is more appropriate and fruitful to regard the AHE as a spin-group symmetry breaking phenomenon where the critical parameter is the spin-orbit interaction strength, which involves a much smaller energy scale. In ferromagnets, the spin-orbit coupling breaks the $\infty 2^\prime$ spin rotation symmetry, and the key to characterizing such symmetry breaking is the identification of spin-orbit vectors which transform regularly under spin group operations. Born out of our framework is a rich multi-polar relationship between the anomalous Hall conductivity and the magnetization direction, with each pole being expanded progressively in powers of the spin-orbit coupling strength. For the leading order contribution, i.e., the dipole, its isotropic part corresponds to the traditional view, and its anisotropic part can lead to the in-plane AHE where the magnetization lies within the measurement plane. Beyond the dipolar one, the octupolar structure offers the leading order source of nonlinearity and hence introduces unique anisotropy where the dipolar structure cannot. The dipolar and octupolar structure offers a unified explanation for the in-plane AHE recently observed in various ferromagnets, and our comprehensive analysis further extends the candidate material systems.
Antiferromagnetic anisotropy determination by spin Hall magnetoresistance
提出了一种测量反铁磁绝缘体(AFI)磁各向异性的电学方法。当具有强自旋-轨道相互作用的金属膜,例如,铂(Pt)沉积在AFI上,由于自旋霍尔磁阻(SMR),其电阻应受到AFI N单元矢量方向的影响。因此,受外部磁场和磁各向异性两者影响的AFI N eel矢量的方向反映在Pt的电阻中。考虑SMR,计算了Pt电阻与AFI的磁场角度关系,表明在强磁场中,通过监测Pt电阻,可以从实验上获得反铁磁各向异性。对Pt/Cr2 O3、Pt/NiO和Pt/CoO等实际体系进行了计算。
Tuning the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, spin Hall switching current density and domain wall velocity by submonolayer insertion in Ta / CoFeB / MgO heterostructures
Current direction anisotropy of the spin Hall magnetoresistance in nickel ferrite thin films with bulk-like magnetic properties
利用自旋霍尔磁电阻(SMR)测量方法,对镍铁氧体(NiFe 2 O 4,NFO)/普通金属(NM)薄膜异质结构的纯自旋电流输运和磁特性进行了实验研究。我们采用脉冲激光沉积法在晶格匹配的镓酸镁衬底上生长了(001)取向的NFO薄膜,显著提高了亚铁磁绝缘体的磁性和结构性能。在我们的实验中,NM是Pt或Ta。在[100]-和[110]-方向的NFO中施加的充电电流所获得的SMR幅度的比较在室温下对于Pt产生50%的变化。我们还研究了这种电流方向各向异性的温度依赖性,并发现它是定性不同的电导率和SMR幅度。从我们的结果,我们得出结论,所观察到的电流方向各向异性可能源于自旋混合电导或自旋霍尔效应在这些Pt和Ta层的各向异性,和/或额外的自旋电流的贡献从NFO/NM接口。
Enhancement of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy and Transmission of Spin-Hall-Effect-Induced Spin Currents by a Hf Spacer Layer in W/Hf/CoFeB/MgO Layer
Anisotropy of the In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Resistivity and the Hall Effect in the Normal State of Vicinal-Grown YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-δ}$ Thin Films
铜氧化物高温超导体$_{2}$ O $_{7-δ}$(YBCO)的电阻率和霍尔效应具有显著的各向异性。使用离轴切割SrTiO $_3$衬底上生长的YBCO薄膜,可以在均匀电流密度下研究平面和定义良好的样品几何形状中的这些各向异性输运性质。在正常状态下,平行于氧化铜层探测的霍尔电压是正的并且强烈地依赖于温度,而面外霍尔电压是负的并且几乎与温度无关。结果证实了以前的测量单晶通过一个完全不同的测量方法,并表明,邻位薄膜也可能是有用的其他层状纳米材料的调查。
Determination of the Spin-Hall-Effect-Induced and the Wedged-Structure-Induced Spin Torque Efficiencies in Heterostructures with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy
Effect of the Lattice-distortion on the Electronic Structure, Magnetic Anisotropy, and Hall Conductivities of the CoFeCrGa Spin Gapless Semiconductor: A First-Principles Study
Anomalous Hall Effect and Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Ultrathin Ferrimagnetic NiCo$_2$O$_4$ Films
反尖晶石铁磁NiCo $_2$ O $_4$具有高磁居里温度$T_C$、高自旋极化和应变可调的磁各向异性。了解这些有趣的磁性在NiCo $_2$ O $_4$薄膜的厚度缩放限制是至关重要的,它们在纳米自旋电子应用的实施。本文报道了MgAl $_2$ O $_4$基片上外延(001)NiCo $_2$ O $_4$薄膜在室温下的非常规磁输运性质。反常的霍尔效应测量表明,对于低至1.5个晶胞(1.2 nm)的薄膜,具有强的垂直磁各向异性,而对于3个晶胞和更厚的薄膜,$T_C$保持在300 K以上。反常霍尔电导率($σ_{xy}$)的符号变化及其与纵向电导率($σ_{xx}$)的标度关系可以归因于杂质散射和能带本征Berry曲率之间的竞争效应,后者在厚度驱动的金属-绝缘体转变后消失。我们的研究揭示了薄膜厚度在调整电荷相关、Berry相位效应、自旋轨道相互作用和杂质散射的相对强度方面的关键作用,为设计可扩展的外延磁性隧道结和使用NiCo $_2$ O $_4$的传感器件提供了重要的材料信息。
Spin Hall and Edelstein Effects in Novel Chiral Noncollinear Altermagnets
Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW Dresden(德累斯顿莱布尼茨固体与材料研究所);Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids(马克斯·普朗克固体的化学物理学研究所);Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay(里昂·布里渊实验室,法国原子能委员会,法国国家科学研究中心,巴黎萨克雷大学);Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence Ct.qmat, Technische Universitat Dresden(维尔茨堡-德累斯顿卓越集群Ct.qmat,德累斯顿工业大学);Département de Physique et Institut Quantique, Université de Sherbrooke(舍布鲁克大学物理系与量子研究所);Donostia International Physics Center(圣塞巴斯蒂安国际物理中心)
Electron effective mass in Sn-doped monoclinic single crystal $β$-gallium oxide determined by mid-infrared optical Hall effect
利用中红外光学霍尔效应,结合($010$)和($\bar{2}01$)表面切口的研究,实验确定了掺Sn单斜单晶$β$-Ga $_2$ O $_3$中各向同性平均导带最小电子有效质量为$(0.284\pm0.013)m_{0}$.该结果落在通过对未掺杂的$β$ $_2$ O $_3$的理论计算预测的值的宽范围内。该结果也与最近使用Gaussian-attenuation-Perdue-Burke-Ernzerhof混合密度泛函进行的密度泛函计算相当,后者预测了$0.267m_{0}$的平均有效质量(arXiv:1704.06711 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci])。在我们的不确定性范围内,我们检测到没有各向异性的电子有效质量,这是与大多数以前的理论计算。我们讨论了上限可能的各向异性的电子有效质量参数从我们的实验不确定性的限制,我们比较我们的研究结果与最近的理论结果。
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院);University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校);ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research(国际理论物理中心南美基础研究所)
Integer and Fractional Quantum Hall effect in Ultra-high Quality Few-layer Black Phosphorus Transistors
作为一种高迁移率的二维半导体材料,原子薄的黑磷(BP)具有很强的结构和电子各向异性,为研究量子霍尔(QH)效应提供了一个新的平台,其中包括朗道能级(LL)能隙对磁场B的函数依赖性以及可能的各向异性分数QH态等突出问题。使用迁移率高达55,000 cm 2/Vs的封装少层BP晶体管,我们在填充因子ν=-1到-4的QH态的非常宽的B范围内提取LL带隙,这被确定为在B中是线性的,从而解决了由其各向异性引起的争议。此外,在ν~ -4/3处观察到分数QH态和在-0.56+/-0.1处的附加特征,强调BP作为探索电子相互作用的可调谐2D平台。
Spin chirality fluctuation in two-dimensional ferromagnets with perpendicular anisotropy
具有标量自旋手征的非共面自旋织构可以产生有效磁场,使载流子的运动发生偏转,从而产生拓扑霍尔效应(topological Hall effect,THE),这是研究关联系统的基态和低能激发的有力工具。然而,自旋手征涨落在二维铁磁体垂直各向异性尚未考虑在以前的研究。在此,我们通过探测两种不同的铁磁超薄膜SrRuO $_3$和V掺杂SbPDMATHABMN Te $_3$的相变温度以上的THE,报告了普遍自旋手征涨落的直接证据。温度,磁场,厚度和载流子类型的依赖性的THE信号,随着我们的蒙特卡罗模拟,明确地表明,自旋手性波动是一个普遍的现象,在二维伊辛铁磁体。我们的发现开启了一个新的范式,探索自旋手性与拓扑霍尔输运在二维磁体和超越