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arXiv 2408.08810cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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自旋群对称性破缺导致的反常霍尔效应中的多极各向异性

Multipolar Anisotropy in Anomalous Hall Effect from Spin-Group Symmetry Breaking

Zheng Liu, Mengjie Wei, Dazhi Hou, Yang Gao, Qian Niu

AI总结:

本研究挑战反常霍尔效应的传统认知,提出将其视为自旋群对称性破缺现象,构建多极关系框架,统一解释了多种铁磁体中的面内反常霍尔效应,并拓展了候选材料体系。

摘要:

铁磁体中反常霍尔效应(AHE)的传统观点认为,它由垂直于测量平面的磁化强度产生,且与该磁化强度呈线性依赖关系。这一观点的底层逻辑是,反常霍尔效应是一种时间反演对称性破缺现象,因此可以用磁有序的幂级数来处理。然而,这一观点近来受到了多项实验的直接挑战,亟需在基础层面开展深入的理论研究。我们发现,对于强磁体而言,将反常霍尔效应视为一种自旋群对称性破缺现象更为恰当且更具研究价值,该现象的关键参数是自旋轨道相互作用强度,其对应的能量尺度要小得多。在铁磁体中,自旋轨道耦合会破缺$\u221e2^\u2032$自旋旋转对称性,而表征这种对称性破缺的关键是识别在自旋群操作下按规律变换的自旋轨道矢量。我们的框架衍生出反常霍尔电导率与磁化方向之间丰富的多极关系,每个极都按自旋轨道耦合强度的幂次逐步展开。对于领头阶贡献即偶极项,其各向同性部分对应传统观点,而各向异性部分可产生磁化强度位于测量平面内的面内反常霍尔效应。在偶极项之外,八极结构提供了非线性的领头阶来源,因此引入了偶极结构无法实现的独特各向异性。偶极和八极结构为近期在多种铁磁体中观测到的面内反常霍尔效应提供了统一解释,我们的综合分析进一步拓展了候选材料体系的范围。

英文摘要:

Traditional view of the anomalous Hall effect~(AHE) in ferromagnets is that it arises from the magnetization perpendicular to the measurement plane and that there is a linear dependence on the latter. Underlying such a view is the thinking that the AHE is a time-reversal symmetry breaking phenomenon and can therefore be treated in terms of a power series in the magnetic order. However, this view is squarely challenged by a number of experiments recently, urging for a thorough theoretical investigation on the fundamental level. We find that for strong magnets, it is more appropriate and fruitful to regard the AHE as a spin-group symmetry breaking phenomenon where the critical parameter is the spin-orbit interaction strength, which involves a much smaller energy scale. In ferromagnets, the spin-orbit coupling breaks the $\infty 2^\prime$ spin rotation symmetry, and the key to characterizing such symmetry breaking is the identification of spin-orbit vectors which transform regularly under spin group operations. Born out of our framework is a rich multi-polar relationship between the anomalous Hall conductivity and the magnetization direction, with each pole being expanded progressively in powers of the spin-orbit coupling strength. For the leading order contribution, i.e., the dipole, its isotropic part corresponds to the traditional view, and its anisotropic part can lead to the in-plane AHE where the magnetization lies within the measurement plane. Beyond the dipolar one, the octupolar structure offers the leading order source of nonlinearity and hence introduces unique anisotropy where the dipolar structure cannot. The dipolar and octupolar structure offers a unified explanation for the in-plane AHE recently observed in various ferromagnets, and our comprehensive analysis further extends the candidate material systems.

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