神经的力学性质、动作电位的大小及其对大脑的影响
The mechanical properties of nerves, the size of the action potential, and consequences for the brain
AI总结：
本文回顾神经的机械变化及其理论解释，指出动作电位长度远超突触间隙和神经元尺寸，神经收缩可能促成快速机械突触，对大脑功能有重要影响。
摘要：
动作电位被广泛认为是一种纯粹的电气现象。然而，人们也发现了可以通过实验观察到的机械和热变化。特别是，神经膜会变厚，轴突会收缩。动作电位的空间长度可能相当大，从毫米到许多厘米不等。这提示我们可以采用宏观热力学方法来理解其特性。脉冲长度比突触间隙大几个数量级，比郎飞结之间的距离大，甚至比许多神经元（如锥体细胞或脑干运动神经元）的尺寸还要大。在此，我们回顾了神经中的机械变化、解释这些变化的理论可能性，以及机械神经脉冲对神经元和大脑的影响。特别是，神经的收缩使得快速机械突触成为可能。
英文摘要：
The action potential is widely considered a purely electrical phenomenon. However, one also finds mechanical and thermal changes that can be observed experimentally. In particular, nerve membranes become thicker and axons contract. The spatial length of the action potential can be quite large, ranging from millimeters to many centimeters. This suggests to employ macroscopic thermodynamics methods to understand its properties. The pulse length is several orders of magnitude larger than the synaptic gap, larger than the distance of the nodes of Ranvier, and even larger than the size of many neurons such as pyramidal cells or brain stem motor neurons. Here, we review the mechanical changes in nerves, theoretical possibilities to explain them, and implications of a mechanical nerve pulse for the neuron and for the brain. In particular, the contraction of nerves gives rise to the possibility of fast mechanical synapses.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
