伴随动作电位传播的机械表面波
Mechanical Surface Waves Accompany Action Potential Propagation
摘要：
许多研究表明，轴突膜的机械位移伴随着定义动作电位（AP）的电脉冲。尽管有大量不同的实验证据，但对于这种机械波的物理基础以及它与电信号的相互依赖性，都没有理论共识。在这篇手稿中，我们提出了一个模型，这些机械位移所产生的驱动表面波模式，其中势能存储在弹性的神经元膜和细胞骨架，而动能进行的轴浆流体。在我们的模型中，这些表面波是由表征AP的电去极化的行波驱动的，改变了膜上的压缩静电力。这种驱动导致共同传播的机械位移，我们称之为动作波（AW）。我们的模型，这些AW使我们能够预测，在弹性常数，轴突半径和轴浆密度和粘度，AW的形状，应该伴随着任何行波的电压，包括AP预测的霍奇金和赫胥黎（HH）方程。我们表明，我们的模型作出的预测是一致的实验系统，包括鳄鱼的嗅觉神经和鱿鱼的巨大轴突的结果。我们希望我们的模型作为一个框架，了解这些AWs在神经生物学中的物理起源和可能的功能作用。
英文摘要：
Many studies have shown that a mechanical displacement of the axonal membrane accompanies the electrical pulse defining the Action Potential (AP). Despite a large and diverse body of experimental evidence, there is no theoretical consensus either for the physical basis of this mechanical wave nor its interdependence with the electrical signal. In this manuscript we present a model for these mechanical displacements as arising from the driving of surface wave modes in which potential energy is stored in elastic properties of the neuronal membrane and cytoskeleton while kinetic energy is carried by the axoplasmic fluid. In our model these surface waves are driven by the traveling wave of electrical depolarization that characterizes the AP, altering the compressive electrostatic forces across the membrane as it passes. This driving leads to co-propagating mechanical displacements, which we term Action Waves (AWs). Our model for these AWs allows us to predict, in terms of elastic constants, axon radius and axoplasmic density and viscosity, the shape of the AW that should accompany any traveling wave of voltage, including the AP predicted by the Hodgkin and Huxley (HH) equations. We show that our model makes predictions that are in agreement with results in experimental systems including the garfish olfactory nerve and the squid giant axon. We expect our model to serve as a framework for understanding the physical origins and possible functional roles of these AWs in neurobiology.
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