龙虾神经元的孤立电机械脉冲
Solitary electromechanical pulses in Lobster neurons
摘要：
神经活动的研究主要集中在电现象上。然而，神经是热力学系统，并且在动作电位期间也可以观察到神经的温度和尺寸的变化。在动作电位过程中的热变化的测量表明，神经脉冲与绝热脉冲有许多共同的特征。20世纪80年代的第一个实验表明，在动作电位过程中，神经厚度和长度会发生微小的变化。这些发现导致了这样的建议，即动作电位可能与机电孤子无耗散传播。然而，他们一直没有现代的尝试来研究神经中的机械现象。在这里，我们提出了超灵敏的原子力显微镜记录的机械变化的顺序为2 - 12毫米的巨型轴突的龙虾。我们发现，神经厚度的变化与电压的变化相。当在同一轴突的两端受到刺激时，相互碰撞的动作电位会相互穿过而不会湮灭。这些观察结果与神经冲动的机械解释是一致的。
英文摘要：
Investigations of nerve activity have focused predominantly on electrical phenomena. Nerves, however, are thermodynamic systems, and changes in temperature and in the dimensions of the nerve can also be observed during the action potential. Measurements of heat changes during the action potential suggest that the nerve pulse shares many characteristics with an adiabatic pulse. First experiments in the 1980s suggested small changes in nerve thickness and length during the action potential. Such findings have led to the suggestion that the action potential may be related to electromechanical solitons traveling without dissipation. However, they have been no modern attempts to study mechanical phenomena in nerves. Here, we present ultrasensitive AFM recordings of mechanical changes on the order of 2 - 12 Å in the giant axons of the lobster. We show that the nerve thickness changes in phase with voltage change. When stimulated at opposite ends of the same axon, colliding action potentials pass through one another and do not annihilate. These observations are consistent with a mechanical interpretation of the nervous impulse.
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