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arXiv 2408.06152cs.MMcs.AIcs.CVcs.NI
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Palantir:面向超高清直播流的高效超分辨率方法

Palantir: Towards Efficient Super Resolution for Ultra-high-definition Live Streaming

School of Software, Tsinghua University(清华大学软件学院);Department of Automation, Tsinghua University(清华大学自动化系);Global Innovation Exchange, Tsinghua University(清华大学全球创新交流中心);School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University(Simon Fraser大学计算机科学系);School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University(卡内基梅隆大学计算机科学系);Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University(清华大学深圳国际研究生院);Pengcheng Laboratory, China(鹏城实验室);RISC-V International Open Source Laboratory, China(RISC-V国际开源实验室)

Xinqi Jin, Zhui Zhu, Xikai Sun, Fan Dang, Jiangchuan Liu, Jingao Xu, Kebin Liu, Xinlei Chen, Yunhao Liu

AI总结:

针对超高清直播中SR DNN推理开销大的问题,提出首个细粒度块级调度的神经增强系统Palantir,通过构建DAG进行轻量准确的SR质量估计并重构计算子程序提升并行性,在保证视频质量的同时大幅降低推理开销且调度延迟极低。

摘要:

通过超分辨率(SR)深度神经网络(DNNs)进行的神经增强,为在现有编码和网络基础设施上实现超高清(UHD)直播流提供了新的可能。然而,沉重的SR DNN推理开销导致了严重的部署挑战。为了降低开销,现有系统提出仅对精心挑选的锚点帧应用基于DNN的SR,同时通过轻量级的基于重用的SR方法对非锚点帧进行放大。然而,帧级调度是粗粒度的,无法实现最佳效率。在本研究中,我们提出了Palantir,这是首个具有细粒度块级调度的神经增强UHD直播流系统。Palantir中融入了两种新颖技术,以选择最有益的锚点块并支持对延迟敏感的UHD直播流应用。首先,在我们开创性的理论分析指导下,Palantir构建了一个有向无环图(DAG),用于在任何可能的锚点块集合下进行轻量且准确的SR质量估计。其次,为了进一步优化调度延迟,Palantir通过将估计过程的计算子程序重构为稀疏矩阵-矩阵乘法运算来提高并行性。评估结果表明,Palantir产生的调度延迟微乎其微,仅占端到端延迟要求的不到5.7%。与在所有帧上应用基于DNN的SR的朴素方法相比,Palantir能将SR DNN推理开销降低20倍(或60倍),同时保留54.0-82.6%(或32.8-64.0%)的质量增益。与最先进的实时帧级调度策略相比,Palantir最多能减少80.1%(平均38.4%)的SR DNN推理开销,且不牺牲视频质量。

英文摘要:

Neural enhancement through super-resolution (SR) deep neural networks (DNNs) opens up new possibilities for ultra-high-definition (UHD) live streaming over existing encoding and networking infrastructure. Yet, the heavy SR DNN inference overhead leads to severe deployment challenges. To reduce the overhead, existing systems propose to apply DNN-based SR only on carefully selected anchor frames while upscaling non-anchor frames via the lightweight reusing-based SR approach. However, frame-level scheduling is coarse-grained and fails to deliver optimal efficiency. In this work, we propose Palantir, the first neural-enhanced UHD live streaming system with fine-grained patch-level scheduling. Two novel techniques are incorporated into Palantir to select the most beneficial anchor patches and support latency-sensitive UHD live streaming applications. Firstly, under the guidance of our pioneering and theoretical analysis, Palantir constructs a directed acyclic graph (DAG) for lightweight yet accurate SR quality estimation under any possible anchor patch set. Secondly, to further optimize the scheduling latency, Palantir improves parallelizability by refactoring the computation subprocedure of the estimation process into a sparse matrix-matrix multiplication operation. The evaluation results suggest that Palantir incurs a negligible scheduling latency accounting for less than 5.7% of the end-to-end latency requirement. When compared to the naive method of applying DNN-based SR on all the frames, Palantir can reduce the SR DNN inference overhead by 20 times (or 60 times) while preserving 54.0-82.6% (or 32.8-64.0%) of the quality gain. When compared to the state-of-the-art real-time frame-level scheduling strategy, Palantir can reduce the SR DNN inference overhead by 80.1% at most (and 38.4% on average) without sacrificing the video quality.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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