低地球轨道卫星星座上的鲁棒直播：测量、分析与切换感知的自适应
Robust Live Streaming over LEO Satellite Constellations: Measurement, Analysis, and Handover-Aware Adaptation
AI总结：
本文针对低地球轨道卫星网络中直播因频繁切换导致卡顿的问题，提出轻量级中间件SARA，通过调节播放速度并为ABR算法提供网络洞察，显著减少重新缓冲并略微改善延迟。
摘要：
直播近年来经历了显著增长。然而，这种流行度的上升与全球仍有相当一部分人口缺乏互联网接入的现实形成对比。低地球轨道卫星网络（LSNs）的出现，如SpaceX的Starlink和Amazon的Project Kuiper，为填补这一空白提供了一种有前景的解决方案。尽管如此，我们的测量研究表明，由于频繁的卫星切换会导致频繁的视频重新缓冲事件，现有直播平台可能无法在LSNs上提供流畅的观看体验。当前最先进的基于学习的自适应比特率（ABR）算法，即使在LSNs的网络轨迹上训练过，也无法有效应对与卫星切换相关的突发网络变化。为应对这些挑战，我们首次提出了Satellite-Aware Rate Adaptation（SARA），这是一种通用且轻量级的中间件，能够与各种ABR算法无缝集成，以提升LSNs上直播的性能。SARA智能地调节视频播放速度，并为ABR算法提供源自LSNs独特网络特征的洞察，从而帮助ABR算法做出明智的比特率选择，并有效减少卫星切换期间发生的重新缓冲事件。我们广泛的评估表明，SARA能够将重新缓冲时间平均减少39.41%，并将延迟略微改善0.65%，同时仅引入0.13%的整体比特率损失。
英文摘要：
Live streaming has experienced significant growth recently. Yet this rise in popularity contrasts with the reality that a substantial segment of the global population still lacks Internet access. The emergence of Low Earth orbit Satellite Networks (LSNs), such as SpaceX's Starlink and Amazon's Project Kuiper, presents a promising solution to fill this gap. Nevertheless, our measurement study reveals that existing live streaming platforms may not be able to deliver a smooth viewing experience on LSNs due to frequent satellite handovers, which lead to frequent video rebuffering events. Current state-of-the-art learning-based Adaptive Bitrate (ABR) algorithms, even when trained on LSNs' network traces, fail to manage the abrupt network variations associated with satellite handovers effectively. To address these challenges, for the first time, we introduce Satellite-Aware Rate Adaptation (SARA), a versatile and lightweight middleware that can seamlessly integrate with various ABR algorithms to enhance the performance of live streaming over LSNs. SARA intelligently modulates video playback speed and furnishes ABR algorithms with insights derived from the distinctive network characteristics of LSNs, thereby aiding ABR algorithms in making informed bitrate selections and effectively minimizing rebuffering events that occur during satellite handovers. Our extensive evaluation shows that SARA can effectively reduce the rebuffering time by an average of $39.41\%$ and slightly improve latency by $0.65\%$ while only introducing an overall loss in bitrate by $0.13\%$.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
