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arXiv 2408.02655quant-phcond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.stat-mech
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耗散量子相变中的局域遍历能及其涨落

Local ergotropy and its fluctuations across a dissipative quantum phase transition

G. Di Bello, D. Farina, D. Jansen, C. A. Perroni, V. Cataudella, G. De Filippis

AI总结:

本研究针对双量子比特开放Rabi模型,构建基于无退相干态的充电协议,通过矩阵乘积态数值方法发现耗散相变附近局域遍历能及其涨落的特征变化,提出可调谐的实验可行功提取方案,揭示局域遍历能与量子相变的关联。

摘要:

我们研究了双量子比特开放Rabi模型,重点关注局域遍历能——即仅通过对两个量子比特进行操作所能提取的最大功——研究的参数区间存在Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless耗散相变。首先,我们旨在定义一套双量子比特系统的充电、存储与放电协议,将其阐释为开放量子电池的工作原理。其次,我们探究了该相变对遍历能的影响,并识别出潜在的相变标志。为实现这些目标,我们构建了一个特设的充电幺正算符,利用我们对相变附近基态的认知,使系统在存储期间处于无退相干态。通过基于矩阵乘积态表示的先进数值方法,我们发现与外部 baths 的高耦合会使充电后即刻的局域遍历能提升约一倍。随着时间推移,我们观察到遍历能及其涨落呈现振荡行为,这些行为在相变附近会发生显著变化,可作为相变发生的信号。此外,我们采用受物理启发的拟设,对局域遍历能随时间的变化进行优化,从而可在任意时刻提取功(局域遍历能永远不会降至零)。我们的工作提出了一种可调谐、可在实验中实现的功提取协议,该协议利用了无退相干态和相变。此外,本研究也为理解局域遍历能与量子相变之间的复杂相互作用提供了新的视角。

英文摘要:

We investigate a two-qubit open Rabi model, focusing on local ergotropy--the maximum extractable work by acting solely on the two qubits--within a parameter regime where a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless dissipative phase transition occurs. First, we aim to define a protocol for charging, storing, and discharging the two-qubit system, interpreted as the working principle of an open quantum battery. Second, we examine the impact of the phase transition on ergotropy and identify potential markers. To achieve these goals, we construct an ad-hoc charging unitary operator, leveraging our knowledge of the ground state near the transition to bring it into a decoherence-free state during storage. Using state-of-the-art numerics based on matrix product state representation, we reveal that high couplings to an external bath approximately double the local ergotropy immediately post-charging. Over time we observe oscillatory behaviors in ergotropy and its fluctuations, which undergo significant changes near the transition, signaling its occurrence. Furthermore, we optimize local ergotropy over time using a physically inspired ansatz, enabling work extraction at a generic time (local ergotropy never reaches zero). Our work proposes a tunable, experimentally realizable protocol for work extraction, leveraging decoherence-free states and phase transitions. Additionally, it sheds light on the complex interaction between local ergotropy and quantum phase transitions.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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