局部ergotropy动态见证多体局域化相
Local ergotropy dynamically witnesses many-body localized phases
AI总结：
本研究通过局部ergotropy动态见证多体局域化相的变化，揭示了局部控制在局域化现象中的热力学标志作用。
摘要：
多体局域化是强相互作用和无序多体量子系统中的一种动态现象，这些系统无法达到热平衡。从量子信息的角度来看，这种现象的特征是纠缠熵随时间呈对数增长。我们对一个范式模型系统进行了密集的数值模拟，表明局部ergotropy，即在哈密顿耦合下通过局部幺正操作从小子系统中提取的最大功，能够动态地见证从ergodic到局域化相的变化。在多体局域化相中，局部ergotropy及其量子涨落随时间缓慢变化，具有类似于纠缠熵的行为特征。这展示了如何直接利用局部控制，而不是之前工作中分析的局部可观测量或熵，提供基于局部可提取功的热力学局域化现象标志。
英文摘要：
Many-body localization is a dynamical phenomenon characteristic of strongly interacting and disordered many-body quantum systems which fail to achieve thermal equilibrium. From a quantum information perspective, the fingerprint of this phenomenon is the logarithmic growth of the entanglement entropy over time. We perform intensive numerical simulations, applied to a paradigmatic model system, showing that the local ergotropy, the maximum extractable work via local unitary operations on a small subsystem in the presence of Hamiltonian coupling, dynamically witnesses the change from ergodic to localized phases. Within the many-body localized phase, both the local ergotropy and its quantum fluctuations slowly vary over time with a characteristic logarithmic law analogous to the behaviour of entanglement entropy. This showcases how directly leveraging local control, instead of local observables or entropies analyzed in previous works, provides a thermodynamic marker of localization phenomena based on the locally extractable work.
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