AI 中文总结
本研究针对开放多体量子电池的能量回流与振荡问题，提出催化介导充电方案，通过辅助催化模式稳定ergotropy、抑制回流，提升了能量存储稳定性。
AI 中文摘要
相干能量回流和非马尔可夫振荡限制了开放多体量子电池的能量保持能力并降低了可提取功（ergotropy）。本文提出一种催化介导的充电方案，用于耦合到激光驱动充电器的集体自旋阵列量子电池。利用开放系统Lindblad主方程，我们研究了充电器和电池均对称耦合到非共振辅助催化模式时的能量转移动力学。数值模拟显示，无辅助的双体系统表现出显著的回流振荡和较差的能量保持，而催化介导可抑制瞬态振荡并加速能量注入。该辅助系统作为能量不变的通道，在整个演化过程中保持恒定的能量期望值⟨H_C(t)⟩≈⟨H_C(0)⟩，且瞬态布居可忽略不计。从微观上看，催化剂的虚激发产生了有效的复子系统间耦合J_eff，这会引发欠阻尼到过阻尼的动力学交叉并引入选择性相干阻尼。该机制可防止电池中的布居耗尽，稳定布居反转，并随电池规模N_B的增加显著提高渐近稳态ergotropy。这些发现阐明了催化介导能量转移的耗散动力学，为改进现代量子硬件平台的存储稳定性提供了实用方案。
英文摘要
Coherent energy backflow and non-Markovian oscillations limit energy retention and degrade extractable work (ergotropy) in open many-body quantum batteries. Here, we present a catalyst-mediated charging protocol for a collective spin-array quantum battery coupled to a laser-driven charger. Using the open-system Lindblad master equation, we examine the energy transfer dynamics when both charger and battery are symmetrically coupled to an off-resonant auxiliary catalytic mode. Numerical simulations reveal that while unassisted bipartite setups exhibit pronounced backflow oscillations and poor energy retention, catalytic mediation quenches transient oscillations and accelerates energy injection. The auxiliary system operates as an energy-invariant conduit, maintaining a constant energy expectation value $\langle H_C(t)\rangle \approx \langle H_C(0)\rangle$ and negligible transient population throughout the evolution. Microscopically, virtual excitations of the catalyst generate an effective complex inter-subsystem coupling $J_{\text{eff}}$, which induces an underdamped-to-overdamped dynamical crossover and introduces selective coherence damping. This mechanism prevents population depletion in the battery, stabilizing the population inversion and significantly increasing the asymptotic steady-state ergotropy with increasing battery size $N_B$. These findings clarify the dissipative dynamics of catalyst-mediated energy transfer and provide a practical scheme for improving storage stability in modern quantum hardware platforms.
Comments11 pages, 5 figures
