arXiv 2407.070732024-07-09nucl-thhep-ph

高多重数$p+p$碰撞中增强的$ψ^{\u2027}$产额与$ψ^{\u2027}/(J/ψ)$产额比作为QGP形成的可能信号

Enhanced $ψ^{\prime}$ yield and $ψ^{\prime}/(J/ψ)$ yield ratio as a possible signature of QGP formation in high multiplicity $p+p$ collisions

Partha Bagchi, Arpan Das, Ananta P. Mishra, Ankit Kumar Panda

备注：: 9 pages, 5 figures

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AI总结：

本研究针对高多重数$p+p$碰撞小系统中夸克偶素产额压低无法可靠指示QGP形成的问题，提出以$ψ^{\u2027}$产额及$ψ^{\u2027}/(J/ψ)$产额比的升高作为QGP形成探针，经真实建模验证了该信号随流体动力学温度升高而增强。

摘要：

夸克偶素（重夸克-反夸克束缚态）产额的压低，一直被视为相对论重离子碰撞实验（RHICE）中热化解禁闭的部分子物质——即夸克胶子等离子体（Quark Gluon Plasma, QGP）——形成的重要信号之一。传统上，夸克偶素态的介质内解离是通过隐含假设绝热近似来描述的，该近似认为由于介质的变化，重夸克哈密顿量随时间缓慢变化。然而，在高多重数的小系统中，例如$p+p$碰撞中，由局域热化介质的有限横向尺寸导致的横向流的早期发展，可能使夸克偶素态经历非绝热演化。已有研究指出，在这种非绝热演化存在的情况下，重夸克-反夸克束缚态产额的压低可能无法可靠地指示QGP的形成[Bagchi:2023vfv]。我们提出，不应将研究重点放在$J/ψ$产额的压低上，而应将$ψ^{\u2027}$与$J/ψ$的产额比（即$ψ^{\u2027}/(J/ψ)$）的升高，连同$ψ^{\u2027}$产额的增加，一同作为小系统中QGP形成的探针。我们基于小系统时间演化的真实建模得到的结果表明，在高多重数$p+p$碰撞中，纳入非绝热跃迁后，产额比$ψ^{\u2027}/(J/ψ)$和$ψ^{\u2027}$的产额随流体动力学温度的升高而增加。

英文摘要：

Suppression in the yield of quarkonia (heavy quark-antiquark bound states) has been considered one of the important signatures of the formation of the thermalized deconfined partonic matter, also known as the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collision Experiments (RHICE). Traditionally, the in-medium dissociation of quarkonium states has been presented by implicitly assuming an adiabatic approximation, which considers that the heavy quark Hamiltonian changes slowly over time owing to change in the medium. However, in high multiplicity smaller systems, such as in $p+p$ collisions, the early development of transverse flow resulting from the finite transverse size of the locally thermalized medium may cause the quarkonium states to undergo a non-adiabatic evolution. It has been argued that in the presence of such a non-adiabatic evolution, the suppression of heavy quark-antiquark bound state yields may not reliably indicate QGP formation~\cite{Bagchi:2023vfv}. We propose that, rather than concentrating on the suppression of $J/ψ$ yields, the enhancement in the yield ratio of $ψ^{\prime}$ to $J/ψ$ (i.e., $ψ^{\prime} / (J/ψ)$), along with an increase in $ψ^{\prime}$ yield, should be considered as a probe of QGP formation for small systems. Our findings, based on realistic modeling of the time evolution of small systems, suggest that the yield ratio $ψ^{\prime} / (J/ψ)$ and the yield of $ψ^{\prime}$ increase as a function of hydrodynamization temperature incorporating the non-adiabatic transitions in high multiplicity $p+p$ collisions.

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