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arXiv 1807.07191nucl-thhep-ph
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小系统研究:理论综述

Small system studies: A theory overview

Michael Strickland

摘要:

现在有大量的证据表明,在重核的超相对论碰撞中会产生一个去禁闭的夸克-胶子等离子体。用来测量夸克-胶子等离子体产生的一些关键观测量是强子谱和许多粒子的多重性、各种强子产生的方位角各向异性、喷流猝灭、光子/双轻子产生和重夸克偶素抑制。研究夸克-胶子等离子体的一个关键问题是,当系统大小改变时,这些可观测量会发生什么变化。特别是,研究诸如pp、dA、pA和$e^+ e^-$等“小系统”的碰撞是非常有趣的,因为人们天真地不期望在这些情况下产生QGP。这些研究中的一个惊喜是在最高多重性类的强子谱中存在相当大的方位角各向异性,这导致了人们猜测可以在这种相对罕见的事件中产生QGP。然而,这种解释是复杂的事实,可能有多个来源的方位角各向异性。我将讨论我们目前对方位各向异性的不同来源的理解,以及每个机制预计占主导地位的多重窗口。我还将提供一个关键的讨论的可靠性流体动力学模型应用于小型系统。最后,我将简要地讨论小系统中的喷流猝灭和重夸克偶素抑制,并讨论这些观测值是否显示出小QGP液滴产生的任何迹象。

英文摘要:

There is now a substantial body of evidence that a deconfined quark-gluon plasma is created in ultrarelativistic collisions of heavy nuclei. Some key observables which are used to gauge the production of the quark-gluon plasma are the hadronic spectra and multiplicities across many species, azimuthal anisotropies in the production of various hadrons, jet quenching, photon/dilepton production, and heavy quarkonium suppression. A key question in the study of the quark-gluon plasma is what happens to these observables as one changes the system size. In particular, it is very interesting to study collisions of `small systems' such as pp, dA, pA, and $e^+ e^-$ since naively one does not expect to produce a QGP in these cases. One of the surprises from such studies was the existence of sizable azimuthal anisotropies in the hadron spectra in the highest multiplicity classes, which led to speculations that one can generate a QGP in such relatively rare events. This interpretation, however, is complicated by the fact that there can be multiple sources of azimuthal anisotropy. I will discuss our current understanding of the different sources of azimuthal anisotropies and the multiplicity windows in which each mechanism is expected to dominate. I will also provide a critical discussion of the reliability of hydrodynamic models applied to small systems. Finally, I will briefly discuss jet quenching and heavy quarkonium suppression in small systems and discuss whether or not these observables show any indication of the production of a small QGP droplet.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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