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arXiv 2407.01288astro-ph.GA
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z>3.5类星体的射电性质:大多数高红移射电噪活动星系核是否被遮蔽?

The radio properties of z>3.5 quasars: Are most high-redshift radio-loud active galactic nuclei obscured?

Alessandro Capetti, Barbara Balmaverde

AI总结:

本文研究z>3.5射电噪类星体的射电性质,发现平谱射电类星体比例随红移显著升高,并提出高红移射电噪活动星系核大多因紫外和光学波段被遮蔽而只能在小视角下被识别为类星体。

摘要:

我们探索了高红移(z > 3.5)强射电类星体(静止系500 MHz光度$\gtrsim10^{28}$ W Hz$^{-1}$)的射电性质。本研究旨在更好地理解射电噪源在其空间密度达到最高时期的表现。我们在低频(76 MHz)选取了29个射电噪类星体。它们的射电谱覆盖76 MHz至5 GHz范围,通常可由单一幂律很好地再现。我们构建了在较低红移(从z~1.3到z~2.8)射电光度匹配的样本,以研究任何谱演化。我们发现平谱射电类星体(FSRQs)的比例随红移强烈增加(从z=1.2时的约8%增加到z>3.5时的约45%)。这一效应在较低光度(低至$\sim 10^{27}$ W Hz$^{-1}$)的类星体中也被观测到。FSRQs比例随红移的增加对应于陡谱射电类星体的减少。假设聚束因子和光度函数斜率不随红移变化,这一结果可以解释为:高红移射电噪源只有在以小视角($\lesssim 25^\circ$)被观测到时才能被识别为类星体,而其中大多数(约90%)在紫外和光学波段被遮蔽。我们还发现射电源的尺寸随红移增加而减小的趋势。由于投影效应不足以导致这一趋势,我们认为导致核区遮蔽的大量气体也阻碍了更遥远源的增长。

英文摘要:

We explore the radio properties of powerful (rest-frame luminosity $\gtrsim10^{28}$ W Hz$^{-1}$ at 500 MHz) high-redshift (z > 3.5) quasars. The aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of radio-loud sources at the epoch when they reach the highest space density. We selected 29 radio-loud quasars at low radio frequencies (76 MHz). Their radio spectra, covering the range from 76 MHz to 5 GHz, are generally well reproduced by a single power law. We created samples that were matched in radio luminosity at lower redshift (from z~1.3 to z~2.8) to investigate any spectral evolution. We find that the fraction of flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) strongly increases with redshift (from ~8% at z=1.2 to ~45% at z>3.5). This effect is also observed in quasars with lower luminosities (down to $\sim 10^{27}$ W Hz$^{-1}$). The increase in the fraction of FSRQs with redshift corresponds to a decrease in the steep-spectrum radio quasars. This result can be explained, assuming that the beaming factor and the slope of the luminosity function do not change with redshift, if high-redshift radio-loud sources can be recognized as quasars only when they are seen at a small viewing angle ($\lesssim 25^\circ$), while most of them, about 90%, are obscured in the UV and optical bands. We also found a trend for the size of radio sources to decrease with increasing redshift. Because projection effects are insufficient to cause this trend, we suggest that the large amount of gas causing the nuclear obscuration also hampers the growth of the more distant sources.

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