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arXiv 2406.17397astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR
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第三代双黑洞并合产生的引力波:两种演化通道的作用

Gravitational waves from mergers of Population III binary black holes: roles played by two evolution channels

Boyuan Liu, Tilman Hartwig, Nina S. Sartorio, Irina Dvorkin, Guglielmo Costa, Filippo Santoliquido, Anastasia Fialkov, Ralf S. Klessen, Volker Bromm

AI总结:

本研究基于A-SLOTH代码模拟第三代双黑洞的两种演化通道,分析其对宇宙并合事件占比、随机引力波背景及爱因斯坦望远镜探测率的影响,明确了两类通道的特征与相对重要性。

摘要:

双黑洞(BBH)并合产生的引力波(GW)信号是探测第三代(Pop III)恒星的有力工具。要充分释放引力波探测的潜力,重要的一步是理解不同双黑洞演化通道的相对重要性和特征。我们基于半解析代码A-SLOTH,在一个理论框架中模拟了孤立双星演化(IBSE)和核星团动力学硬化(NSC-DH)这两种通道,同时采用了关于Pop III初始质量函数(IMF)、初始双星统计特性以及高红移核星团(NSCs)的多种假设。\n在整个宇宙历史中,NSC-DH通道贡献了约8-95%的Pop III双黑洞并合事件;当初始双星间距更大、初始质量函数更偏向大质量端、高红移核星团更丰富时,该通道的贡献占比更高。Pop III双黑洞并合产生的无量纲随机引力波背景(SGWB)在观测者系频率约10-100 Hz处具有峰值,峰值大小Ω_GW^peak约为10^-11至8×10^-11。在频率ν≲10 Hz的总随机引力波背景中,Pop III的贡献是不可忽略的组分(约占2-32%)。\n据估算,Einstein Telescope(爱因斯坦望远镜)对Pop III双黑洞并合的探测率,NSC-DH通道约为6-230 yr^-1,IBSE通道约为30-1230 yr^-1。核星团中的Pop III双黑洞并合事件的黑洞质量比IBSE通道的更大,因此在大多数情况下,它们主导了20 Hz以下的Pop III随机引力波背景。此外,对于包含至少一个质量高于100 M☉的中等质量黑洞的Pop III双黑洞并合事件,爱因斯坦望远镜在核星团通道中的探测率约为0.5-200 yr^-1,而在IBSE通道中则低于0.1 yr^-1。

英文摘要:

The gravitational wave (GW) signal from binary black hole (BBH) mergers is a promising probe of Population III (Pop III) stars. To fully unleash the power of the GW probe, one important step is to understand the relative importance and features of different BBH evolution channels. We model two channels, isolated binary stellar evolution (IBSE) and nuclear star cluster-dynamical hardening (NSC-DH), in one theoretical framework based on the semi-analytical code A-SLOTH, under various assumptions on Pop III initial mass function (IMF), initial binary statistics and high-$z$ nuclear star clusters (NSCs). The NSC-DH channel contributes $\sim 8-95\%$ of Pop III BBH mergers across cosmic history, with higher contributions achieved by initially wider binary stars, more top-heavy IMFs, and more abundant high-$z$ NSCs. The dimensionless stochastic GW background (SGWB) produced by Pop III BBH mergers has peak values $Ω^{\rm peak}_{\rm GW}\sim 10^{-11}-8\times 10^{-11}$ around observer-frame frequencies $ν\sim 10-100\ \rm Hz$. The Pop III contribution can be a non-negligible ($\sim 2-32\%$) component in the total SGWB at $ν\lesssim 10\ \rm Hz$. The estimated detection rates of Pop III BBH mergers by the Einstein Telescope are $\sim 6-230\ \rm yr^{-1}$ and $\sim 30-1230\ \rm yr^{-1}$ for the NSC-DH and IBSE channels, respectively. Pop III BBH mergers in NSCs are more massive than those from IBSE, so they dominate the Pop III SGWB below $20$ Hz in most cases. Besides, the detection rate of Pop III BBH mergers involving at least one intermediate-mass BH above $100\ \rm M_\odot$ by the Einstein Telescope is $\sim 0.5-200\ \rm yr^{-1}$ in NSCs but remains below $0.1\ \rm yr^{-1}$ for IBSE.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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