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arXiv 2406.08261astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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年轻星团 Berkeley 59 的低质量恒星与亚恒星成分

Low-mass stellar and substellar content of the young cluster Berkeley 59

Neelam Panwar, Rishi C., Saurabh Sharma, Devendra K. Ojha, Manash R. Samal, H. P. Singh, Ram Kesh Yadav

AI总结:

本研究利用 Gaia 与深度红外观测分析年轻星团 Be 59,测定其运动学参数与低至亚恒星范围的质量函数,揭示褐矮星分布、恒星/BD 比及质量分层特征。

摘要:

我们基于 Gaia 数据以及利用 3.58 米 Telescopio Nazionale Galileo 和 Spitzer 空间望远镜进行的深度红外(IR)观测,对年轻星团 Berkeley 59(Be 59)开展了多波段分析。测得该星团的平均自行为 μ_αcosδ 约 -0.63 mas yr^-1、μ_δ 约 -1.83 mas yr^-1,其运动学距离约为 1 kpc,与以往的测光研究一致。当前数据是迄今可获得的关于该星团的最深近红外观测,探测深度达到 0.03 M_⊙ 以下。利用经过统计净化的颜色—星等图计算了星团区域的质量函数,结果表明,对于质量高于 0.4 M_⊙ 的成员星,其质量函数与 Salpeter 值相似。相比之下,在 0.04–0.4 M_⊙ 质量范围内,斜率变浅(Γ 约 0.01 ± 0.18),与其他近邻星团相当。年轻褐矮星(BDs)和恒星候选体的空间分布呈现非均匀特征。这表明大质量恒星的辐射反馈可能是促成 Be 59 星团中 BD 族群形成的重要因素。我们还估算了该星团的恒星与 BD 之比,结果约为 3.6。Kolmogorov–Smirnov 检验表明,恒星族群与 BD 族群存在显著差异;与 BDs 相比,恒星候选体更靠近星团中心,这表明该星团中的质量分层现象已延伸至亚恒星质量区间。

英文摘要:

We present a multi-wavelength analysis of the young star cluster Berkeley 59 (Be 59) based on the $Gaia$ data and deep infrared (IR) observations with the 3.58-m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo and $Spitzer$ space telescope. The mean proper motion of the cluster is found to be $μ$$_α$cos$δ$ $\sim$ -0.63 mas yr$^{-1}$ and $μ$$_δ$ $\sim$ -1.83 mas yr$^{-1}$ and the kinematic distance of the cluster, $\sim$ 1 kpc, is in agreement with previous photometric studies. Present data is the deepest available near-IR observations for the cluster so far and reached below 0.03 M$_\odot$. The mass function of the cluster region is calculated using the statistically cleaned color-magnitude diagram and is similar to the Salpeter value for the member stars above 0.4 M$_\odot$. In contrast, the slope becomes shallower ($Γ$ $\sim$ 0.01 $\pm$ 0.18) in the mass range 0.04 - 0.4 M$_\odot$, comparable to other nearby clusters. The spatial distribution of young brown dwarfs (BDs) and stellar candidates shows a non-homogeneous distribution. This suggests that the radiation feedback from massive stars may be a prominent factor contributing to the BD population in the cluster Be 59. We also estimated the star-to-BD ratio for the cluster, which is found to be $\sim$ 3.6. The Kolomogorov-Smirnov test shows that stellar and BD populations significantly differ, and stellar candidates are near the cluster center compared to the BDs, suggesting mass segregation in the cluster toward the substellar mass regime.

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