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arXiv 2310.04888astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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哈勃空间望远镜对NGC 2024亚恒星天体族群的研究

A HST Study of the Substellar Population of NGC 2024

Massimo Robberto, Mario Gennaro, Nicola Da Rio, Giovanni Maria Strampelli, Leonardo Ubeda, Elena Sabbi, Dana Koeppe, Jonathan C. Tan, David R. Soderblom

AI总结:

本研究利用HST/WFC3-IR对年轻星团NGC 2024开展三滤光片红外观测,通过消光校正得到光度函数,验证其与类Salpeter初始质量函数吻合,还发现深埋区亮星超出的现象并给出可能解释。

摘要:

我们利用哈勃空间望远镜(HST)的第三代广域相机红外通道(WFC3-IR)对年轻星团NGC 2024开展了三滤光片成像巡天,观测针对1.4微米H₂O吸收特征,该特征是低质量与亚恒星质量天体(质量低至几个木星质量)的典型标识。我们共探测到812个点源,其中550个在全部3个滤光片中的信噪比均大于5。借助与距离无关的双色图,我们测得消光值最高可达A_V≈40;同时发现,随着红化程度增加,滤光片有效波长的变化会导致测得的A_V值升高。通过重构消光校正后的颜色-星等图,我们分别得到了候选团成员全样本、以及消光受限子样本(包含A_V≲15的50%源)的光度直方图。假设采用Cardelli等人(1989)提出的标准消光定律,取标称R_V=3.1,我们得到的光度函数与基于1百万年等时线的类Salpeter初始质量函数所得结果吻合良好。有迹象表明,在最深埋的区域存在亮星超出的现象。我们推测这种相关性可能是由于这些源更为年轻,因此比演化程度更高、消光更低的团内恒星显得更亮。我们将基于1.4微米测光特征深度的分类方案与Levine等人(2006)的光谱巡天结果进行了对比,并报告了几个特殊源以及典型的形态特征,这些都是年轻恒星形成区中常见的丰富现象。

英文摘要:

We performed a HST/WFC3-IR imaging survey of the young stellar cluster NGC 2024 in three filters probing the 1.4~$μ$m H$_2$O absorption feature, characteristic of the population of low mass and sub-stellar mass objects down to a few Jupyter masses. We detect 812 point sources, 550 of them in all 3 filters with signal to noise greater than 5. Using a distance-independent two-color diagram we determine extinction values as high as $A_V\simeq 40$. We also find that the change of effective wavelengths in our filters results in higher $A_V$ values as the reddening increases. Reconstructing a dereddened color-magnitude diagram we derive a luminosity histogram for both the full sample of candidate cluster members and for an extinction-limited sub-sample containing the 50% of sources with $A_V\lesssim 15$. Assuming a standard extinction law like Cardelli et al. (1989) with a nominal $R_V$=3.1 we produce a luminosity function in good agreement with the one resulting from a Salpeter-like Initial Mass Function for a 1~Myr isochrone. There is some evidence of an excess of luminous stars in the most embedded region. We posit that the correlation may be due to those sources being younger, and therefore overluminous than the more evolved and less extinct cluster's stars. We compare our classification scheme based on the depth of the 1.4$μ$m photometric feature with the results from the spectroscopic survey of Levine et al. (2006), and we report a few peculiar sources and morphological features typical of the rich phenomenology commonly encountered in young star-forming regions.

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