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arXiv 2406.06232cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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通过群论和DFT计算研究正交$Pnma$结构中的交变磁性

Altermagnetism in orthorhombic $Pnma$ structure through group theory and DFT calculations

Suman Rooj, Sugandha Saxena, Nirmal Ganguli

AI总结:

通过DFT计算在正交$Pnma$结构的BiFeO$_3$和CaMnO$_3$中发现交变磁最低能量相,并利用磁空间群对称性分析解释了无SOI时的能带自旋劈裂现象。

摘要:

反铁磁性最初被认为有趣但无用,最近却作为最具前景的技术磁性相之一出现。最近发现了一种低对称性反铁磁相,即交变磁相,尽管净磁化强度消失,但未观察到时间反演($\mathcal{T}$)对称性,导致来自相反磁子晶格的能带非简并。在本工作中,我们考虑了正交$Pnma$空间群的两个代表,即BiFeO$_3$和CaMnO$_3$,并通过密度泛函理论计算发现两者均存在交变磁最低能量相。在不考虑自旋-轨道相互作用(SOI)的情况下,我们发现两个系统在布里渊区高对称路径上均存在显著的能带自旋劈裂。计算得到的能带色散详细特征证实,仅在$k_y$-$k_z$平面内解除了子晶格自旋简并,而在布里渊区的其他平面内则保留了自旋简并。我们提供了基于磁空间群(MSG)的全面对称性分析来解释DFT发现,并提出一个具有启发性的对称性允许的模型哈密顿量,该模型与我们的结果定性一致。此外,我们将对称性分析扩展到$Pnma$空间群内可能在不考虑SOI时承载自旋劈裂现象的另外两个潜在MSG及其哈密顿量的可能形式。这些详细研究为深入理解$Pnma$空间群内的自旋劈裂现象铺平了道路,并为对称性与电子及磁性性质之间复杂的相互作用提供了深刻见解。

英文摘要:

Antiferromagnetism, initially considered interesting but useless, recently emerged as one of the most promising magnetic phases for technology. Recently, a low symmetry antiferromagnetic phase, known as altermagnetic phase, have been discovered, where no time reversal ($\mathcal{T}$) symmetry is observed in spite of a vanishing net magnetization, leading to non-degenerate bands from the opposite magnetic sublattices. In this work, we consider two representatives of orthorhombic $Pnma$ space group, namely, BiFeO$_3$ and CaMnO$_3$ and find altermagnetic lowest energy phase in both from our density functional theory calculations. We find a substantial spin-splitting in both systems along a high-symmetry path in the Brillouin zone without considering the spin-orbit interaction (SOI). Detailed features of the band dispersion obtained from our calculation confirm the lifting of sublattice spin degeneracy only in the $k_y$-$k_z$ plane while preserving the spin degeneracy in the other planes of the Brillouin zone. We provide a comprehensive symmetry analysis based on the magnetic space group (MSG) to explain our DFT findings and an insightful symmetry-allowed model Hamiltonian, which qualitatively agrees with our results. Additionally, we extend our symmetry analysis to encompass two other potential MSGs within the $Pnma$ space group that may host the spin-splitting phenomenon without considering SOI and the likely form of their Hamiltonian. These detailed studies pave the way for a deeper understanding of the spin-splitting phenomena within the $Pnma$ space group, offering insights into the intricate interplay between symmetry and electronic as well as magnetic properties.

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