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arXiv 2405.03346q-bio.PE
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可变规模博弈的种群动力学

Population dynamics and games of variable size

Matheus Hansen, Fabio A. C. C. Chalub

AI总结:

本文提出可变规模博弈论(VSGT),将参与者数量作为战略决策,通过协调与共存、亲社会/反社会博弈、同域物种形成及SIRS流行病模型等例子,揭示博弈规模策略对种群动态和演化的重要影响。

摘要:

本文引入了可变规模博弈论(Variable Size Game Theory, VSGT)的概念,其中博弈中的参与者数量是参与者自身做出的战略决策。我们首先讨论博弈论中的主要例子:支配、共存和协调。我们表明,同一组收益可以根据每种参与者类型的战略决策产生类似协调或类似共存的博弈。我们还解决了一个逆问题,以找到一个能够重现VSGT相同固定模式的d人博弈。随后,我们考虑一个涉及亲社会与反社会参与者的博弈,即分别倾向于与大型群体和小型群体一起博弈的个体。在这个博弈中,应当执行某项任务,该任务将使其中一名参与者受益,而其他参与者付出代价。我们表明,能够聚集大型群体来执行任务的个体可能占据优势,即使该任务代价高昂,这为真社会性的演化提供了一个可能的情景。下一个例子表明,关于博弈规模的不同策略可能导致不同类型的自发分离,这是没有物理隔离的物种形成(同域物种形成)的一个可能情景。在最后一个例子中,我们将之前的分析推广到三种类型的种群,并研究仓室流行病模型:特别是,我们将SIRS模型重新表述到VSGT框架中:易感者进行2人博弈,而感染者和移除者进行1人博弈。SIRS流行病模型随后作为VSGT的复制方程得到。最后,我们提出了VSGT未来可能的应用方向。

英文摘要:

This work introduces the concept of Variable Size Game Theory (VSGT), in which the number of players in a game is a strategic decision made by the players themselves. We start by discussing the main examples in game theory: dominance, coexistence, and coordination. We show that the same set of pay-offs can result in coordination-like or coexistence-like games depending on the strategic decision of each player type. We also solve an inverse problem to find a $d$-player game that reproduces the same fixation pattern of the VSGT. In the sequel, we consider a game involving prosocial and antisocial players, i.e., individuals who tend to play with large groups and small groups, respectively. In this game, a certain task should be performed, that will benefit one of the participants at the expense of the other players. We show that individuals able to gather large groups to perform the task may prevail, even if this task is costly, providing a possible scenario for the evolution of eusociality. The next example shows that different strategies regarding game size may lead to spontaneous separation of different types, a possible scenario for speciation without physical separation (sympatric speciation). In the last example, we generalize to three types of populations from the previous analysis and study compartmental epidemic models: in particular, we recast the SIRS model into the VSGT framework: Susceptibles play 2-player games, while Infectious and Removed play a 1-player game. The SIRS epidemic model is then obtained as the replicator equation of the VSGT. We finish with possible applications of VSGT to be addressed in the future.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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