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arXiv 2404.03492quant-phmath-phmath.MP
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非厄米双态系统中熵动力学的三种视角

Three perspectives on entropy dynamics in a non-Hermitian two-state system

Alexander Felski, Alireza Beygi, Christos Karapoulitidis, S. P. Klevansky

AI总结:

本文比较了非厄米双态系统中熵动力学的三种理论视角,揭示其差异源于环境耦合模式的处理方式,并证明从赝厄米封闭系统到Lindblad开放系统的相变由物理反射对称性自发破缺所联系。

摘要:

本文对具有平衡增益与损耗的开放双态系统中作为物理行为指标的熵动力学进行了比较研究。我们区分了三种视角:利用传统厄米伴随态框架的视角、基于双正交伴随态的方法,以及基于等谱映射的第三种情形。研究表明,它们之间的差异根源于对环境耦合模式的处理方式。在系统具有未破缺$\mathcal{PT}$对称性的情况下,所取视角的一个显著特征是纯度振荡的存在与否,以及与之相关的熵复兴现象。随后,对系统的描述从其$\mathcal{PT}$对称赝厄米相延续到自发破缺对称性区域,在后两种方法中通过基于非解析算符的延拓实现,从而得到基于$\mathcal{PT}$电荷算符$\mathcal{C}$的Lindblad主方程。这一相变表明,通过基础物理反射对称性的自发破缺,赝厄米封闭系统形式与Lindblad开放系统形式之间存在一般性联系。

英文摘要:

A comparative study of entropy dynamics as an indicator of physical behavior in an open two-state system with balanced gain and loss is presented. We distinguish the perspective taken in utilizing the conventional framework of Hermitian-adjoint states from an approach that is based on biorthogonal-adjoint states and a third case based on an isospectral mapping. In this it is demonstrated that their differences are rooted in the treatment of the environmental coupling mode. For unbroken $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry of the system, a notable characteristic feature of the perspective taken is the presence or absence of purity oscillations, with an associated entropy revival. The description of the system is then continued from its $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric pseudo-Hermitian phase into the regime of spontaneously broken symmetry, in the latter two approaches through a non-analytic operator-based continuation, yielding a Lindblad master equation based on the $\mathcal{PT}$ charge operator $\mathcal{C}$. This phase transition indicates a general connection between the pseudo-Hermitian closed-system and the Lindbladian open-system formalism through a spontaneous breakdown of the underlying physical reflection symmetry.

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