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arXiv 2404.02469astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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主序前高阶多重系统中的完整轨道解:GG Tau Ab 与 UX Tau B

Full orbital solutions in pre-main sequence high-order multiple systems: GG Tau Ab and UX Tau B

Gaspard Duchêne, Jean-Baptiste LeBouquin, François Ménard, Nicolás Cuello, Claudia Toci, Maud Langlois

AI总结:

本文通过结合新旧高分辨率观测对主序前高阶多重系统 GG Tau Ab 和 UX Tau B 进行开普勒轨道拟合,首次获得约束良好的完整轨道解和动力学质量,并揭示两系统轨道偏心率的显著差异及其对星周物质和长期稳定性的影响。

摘要:

高阶多重(三合及以上)系统相对常见。它们与星周及环双星物质的相互作用可能对行星系统的形成和演化产生重大影响,且这种影响取决于其轨道性质。GG Tau 和 UX Tau 是两个主序前高阶多重系统,其中最紧密的双星对的投影间距约为 5–20 au。精确刻画它们的轨道对于确定其长期稳定性、预测星周物质的动力学与演化、以及评估此类系统中行星形成的潜力至关重要。我们将已有的天体测量数据与此前未发表的 GG Tau Ab 和 UX Tau B 双星对高分辨率观测相结合,进行开普勒轨道拟合。对于 GG Tau Ab,本文所呈现的数据首次探测到其轨道运动。对于这两个系统,这些数据使轨道覆盖率大幅提升(UX Tau B 和 GG Tau Ab 分别约为 ≳60% 和 ≈100%,对应轨道周期分别约为 32 年和 8 年),使我们能够获得约束良好的轨道拟合,包括随机和系统不确定度分别 ≲10% 和 ≲7% 的动力学质量。我们发现 GG Tau A 和 UX Tau A–B 很可能形成稳定的等级式系统,尽管 GG Tau 的一个可能的去投影解存在强烈的不共面性,并可能经历 von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai 振荡。我们进一步发现 UX Tau B 的轨道比 GG Tau Ab 的轨道偏心得多,这可能解释了前者缺乏星周物质的原因。新确定的轨道重新提出了这两个等级式系统中气体和尘埃动力学命运的问题,并应推动新的专门数值模拟,以评估这些系统的长期演化及其所包含的密近双星施加的动力学扰动。

英文摘要:

High-order multiple (triple and beyond) systems are relatively common. Their interaction with circumstellar and circumbinary material can have a large impact on the formation and evolution of planetary systems and depends on their orbital properties. GG\,Tau and UX\,Tau are two pre-main sequence high-order multiple systems in which the tightest pair has a projected separation of $\approx5$--20\,au. Characterizing precisely their orbits is crucial to establish their long-term stability, to predict the dynamics and evolution of circumstellar matter, and to evaluate the potential for planet formation in such systems. We combine existing astrometric measurements with previously unpublished high-resolution observations of the GG\,Tau\,Ab and UX\,Tau\,B pairs and perform Keplerian orbital fits. For GG\,Tau\,Ab the data presented here represent the first detection of orbital motion. For both systems they yield dramatic increases in orbital coverage ($\gtrsim60\%$ and $\approx100\%$ for UX\,Tau\,B and GG\,Tau\,Ab, for orbital periods of $\approx32$ and $\approx8$\,yr, respectively) and allow us to obtain well-constrained orbital fits, including dynamical masses with $\lesssim10\%$ and $\lesssim7\%$ random and systematic uncertainties. We find that both GG\,Tau\,A and UX\,Tau\,A--B likely form stable hierarchical systems, although one possible deprojection solution for GG\,Tau is strongly misaligned and could experience von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai oscillations. We further find that the UX\,Tau\,B orbit is much more eccentric than the GG\,Tau\,Ab one, possibly explaining the lack of circumstellar material in the former. The newly-determined orbits revive the question of the dynamical fate of gas and dust in these two hierarchical systems and should spur new dedicated simulations to assess the long-term evolution of the systems and the dynamical perturbations imposed by the close binaries they host.

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