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arXiv 1806.01546astro-ph.SR
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前主序星双星DQ Tau中的斑点、耀斑、吸积和遮蔽

Spots, flares, accretion, and obscuration in the pre-main sequence binary DQ Tau

Á. Kóspál, P. Ábrahám, G. Zsidi, K. Vida, R. Szabó, A. Moór, A. Pál

摘要:

DQ Tau是一颗年轻的低质量光谱联星,由两颗质量几乎相等的恒星组成,周期为15.8 d,周围环绕着一个环联星盘。在这里,我们分析了由开普勒K2,斯皮策太空望远镜和地面设施获得的DQ Tau的光变曲线。我们观察到的变化现象,包括旋转调制的恒星斑点,短暂的增亮事件,由于恒星耀斑,长期增亮事件周围的近星点,由于增加吸积,和短期下降,由于短暂的星周昏暗。转动调制呈现为周期为3.017 d的正弦变化。在我们的模型中,这是由比恒星有效温度低400 K的扩展恒星斑点引起的。在我们长达80天的监测中,我们探测到40个恒星耀斑,能量高达1.2 $\times$ 10 $^{35}$尔格,持续时间为几个小时。耀斑的轮廓与较老的晚型恒星非常相似,它们的发生与自转周期或轨道周期都不相关。我们观察到在每个近星点周围的吸积速率升高到5 $\times$ 10 $^{-8} M_{\odot}$ yr $^{-1}$。我们的斯皮策数据表明,吸积光度的增加使环双星盘的内部温度暂时升高了约100 K。我们发现一个内盘半径为0.13金,显着小于预期的动力学模型的circumbinary磁盘。有趣的是,盘的内缘与双星的轨道共转。DQ Tau在其光变曲线上也显示出< 0.1等的短暂下降,让人想起在许多低质量年轻恒星中观察到的着名的“北斗七星现象”。

英文摘要:

DQ Tau is a young low-mass spectroscopic binary, consisting of two almost equal-mass stars on a 15.8 d period surrounded by a circumbinary disk. Here, we analyze DQ Tau's light curves obtained by Kepler K2, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and ground-based facilities. We observed variability phenomena, including rotational modulation by stellar spots, brief brightening events due to stellar flares, long brightening events around periastron due to increased accretion, and short dips due to brief circumstellar obscuration. The rotational modulation appears as sinusoidal variation with a period of 3.017 d. In our model this is caused by extended stellar spots 400 K colder than the stellar effective temperature. During our 80-day-long monitoring we detected 40 stellar flares with energies up to 1.2$\times$10$^{35}$ erg and duration of a few hours. The flare profiles closely resemble those in older late-type stars, and their occurrence does not correlate with either the rotational or the orbital period. We observe elevated accretion rate up to 5$\times$10$^{-8} M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ around each periastron. Our Spitzer data suggests that the increased accretion luminosity heats up the inner part of the circumbinary disk temporarily by about 100 K. We found an inner disk radius of 0.13 au, significantly smaller than expected from dynamical modeling of circumbinary disks. Interestingly, the inner edge of the disk is in corotation with the binary's orbit. DQ Tau also shows short dips of < 0.1 mag in its light curve, reminiscent of the well-known "dipper phenomenon" observed in many low-mass young stars.

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