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arXiv 2403.02541nucl-th
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形成226Th复合核反应中准裂变中的壳效应

Shell Effects in Quasi-fission in Reactions Forming 226Th Compound Nucleus

Hyeonseop Lee, Patrick McGlynn, Cedric Simenel

AI总结:

使用Sky3D程序模拟形成226Th复合核的两种反应,发现准裂变轨迹遵循非对称裂变谷,证实壳效应在准裂变碎片形成中起关键作用。

摘要:

准裂变(QF)反应发生在完全阻尼的重离子碰撞中,不形成平衡的复合核,导致形成的碎片具有与裂变反应相似的性质。预期类似的壳效应会影响裂变和QF中的碎片形成。我们的目的是研究形成相同复合核的不同反应中的QF动力学,并寻找碎片形成中壳效应的可能迹象。使用含时Hartree-Fock程序Sky3D模拟了在库仑势垒附近的50Ca+176Yb和96Zr+130Sn QF反应。四极(Q20)和八极(Q30)矩的演化通过226Th复合核的势能面(PES)特征进行解释。两个反应都遇到了QF。在50Ca+176Yb中,这些仅发生在有限角动量下。在更具对称性且入口道具有更强库仑排斥的96Zr+130Sn反应中,中心碰撞也会发生QF。与早期预测一致,50Ca+176Yb遇到部分质量平衡,当重碎片达到Z~54个质子时停止,如同226Th的非对称裂变模式。96Zr+130Sn遇到逆向QF,也导致与非对称裂变相似的碎片。在两个系统中,Q20-Q30平面上的QF轨迹遵循226Th PES的非对称裂变谷。逆向QF的观测是一个明确的预测,即壳效应对QF有强烈影响。非对称裂变和QF中形成的碎片之间的相似性支持了相同的壳效应在两种机制中都在起作用的观点。用裂变中使用的PES解释QF动力学自然受到限制,因为这些PES通常是在轴对称、无角动量且无激发能的条件下计算的,因此促进了未来QF的PES的发展。

英文摘要:

Quasi-fission (QF) reactions occur in fully damped heavy-ion collisions without the formation of an equilibrated compound nucleus, leading to the formation of fragments with similar properties as in fission reactions. Similar shell effects are expected to affect fragment formation in both fission and QF. Our purpose is to investigate QF dynamics in different reactions forming the same compound nucleus and search for possible signatures of shell effects in fragment formation. 50Ca+176Yb and 96Zr+130Sn QF reactions are simulated with the time-dependent Hartree-Fock code Sky3D near the Coulomb barrier. Evolutions of the quadrupole (Q20) and octupole (Q30) moments are interpreted in terms of features of the potential energy surface (PES) of the 226Th compound nucleus. Both reactions encounter QF. In 50Ca+176Yb, those only occur at finite angular momenta. In the more symmetric 96Zr+130Sn reaction with stronger Coulomb repulsion in the entrance channel, QF also occurs in central collisions. In agreement with earlier predictions, 50Ca+176Yb encounters partial mass equilibration that is stopped when the heavy fragment reaches Z~54 protons, as in the asymmetric fission mode of 226Th. 96Zr+130Sn encounters an inverse QF also leading to similar fragments as in asymmetric fission. In both systems, QF trajectories in the Q20-Q30 plane follow the asymmetric fission valley of 226Th PES. The observation of an inverse QF is a clear prediction that shell effects have a strong influence in QF. The similarity between fragments formed in asymmetric fission and QF supports the idea that the same shell effects are at play in both mechanisms. Interpreting QF dynamics with PES used in fission is naturally limited by the fact that these PES are usually computed with axial symmetry, no angular momentum and no excitation energy, thus motivating future developments of PES for QF.

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