In the paper, the initial-boundary value problems to a semilinear integro-differential equation with multi-term fractional Caputo derivatives are analyzed. A particular case of this equation models oxygen diffusion through capillaries. Under proper assumptions on the coefficients and a nonlinearity, the longtime behavior (as $t\to+\infty$) of a solution is discussed. In particular, the existence of absorbing sets in suitable functional spaces is established.
This paper is concerned with longtime dynamics of semilinear Lamé systems $$ \partial^2_t u - μΔu - (λ+ μ) \nabla {\rm div} u + α\partial_t u + f(u) = 0, $$ defined in bounded domains of $\mathbb{R}^3$ with Dirichlet boundary condition. Firstly, we establish the existence of finite dimensional global attractors subjected to critical forcings $f(u)$. Writing $λ+ μ$ as a positive parameter $\varepsilon$, we discuss some physical aspects of the limit case $\varepsilon \to 0$. Then, we show the upper-semicontinuity of attractors with respect to the parameter when $\varepsilon \to 0$. To our best k…
In this contribution, we deal with the longtime behavior of the solutions to the fractional variant of the Cahn-Hilliard system, with possibly singular potentials, that we have recently investigated in the paper `Well-posedness and regularity for a generalized fractional Cahn-Hilliard system' (see arXiv:1804.11290). More precisely, we study the omega-limit of the phase parameter and characterize it completely. Our characterization depends on the first eigenvalue of one of the operators involved: if it is positive, then the chemical potential vanishes at infinity and every element of the omega-…
In this paper we study existence and nonexistence of nonnegative distributional solutions for a class of semilinear fractional elliptic equations involving the Hardy potential.
The main goal is to establish necessary and sufficient conditions under which the fractional semilinear elliptic equation $Δ^{\fracα{2}} u=ρ(x)\,φ(u)$ admits nonnegative nontrivial bounded solutions in the whole space $\mathbb{R}^N$.
We obtain necessary conditions and sufficient conditions on the existence of solutions to the Cauchy problem for a fractional semilinear heat equation with an inhomogeneous term. We identify the strongest spatial singularity of the inhomogeneous term for the solvability of the Cauchy problem.
In this paper, we establish the existence of solutions to fractional semilinear parabolic equations in Besov-Morrey spaces for a large class of initial data including distributions other than Radon measures. We also obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions to viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equations.
In this paper we study a semilinear problem for the fractional laplacian that are the counterpart of the Neumann problems in the classical setting. We show uniqueness of minimal energy solutions for small domains.
We study a class of fractional semilinear elliptic equations and formulate the corresponding Calderón problem. We determine the nonlinearity from the exterior partial measurements of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map by using first order linearization and the Runge approximation property.
Applying the method of moving planes in integral forms, we establish radial symmetry for positive solutions to a class of semilinear equations involving the fractional Laplacian in the unit ball and obtain Liouville type theorems concerning the non-existence of positive solutions in the half space. The regularity of solutions are also investigated.
Our aim in this article is to study semilinear elliptic equations involving a fractional Hardy operator, an absorption and a Radon source in a weighted distributional sense. We show various scenarios, produced by the combined effect of the fractional Hardy potential, the growth of the absorption term and the concentration of the measure, in which existence and uniqueness results holds.
We introduce the study of isolated singularities for a semilinear equation involving the fractional Laplacian. In conformal geometry, it is equivalent to the study of singular metrics with constant fractional curvature. Our main ideas are: first, to set the problem into a natural geometric framework, and second, to perform some kind of phase portrait study for this non-local ODE.
The semilinear space-time fractional Schrödinger equation is considered. First, we give the explicit form for the fundamental solutions by using the Fox $H$-functions in order to to establish some $L^s$ decay estimates. After that, we give some space-time estimates for the mild solutions from which the local well-posedness is derived on some proper Banach space.
We study a nonlinear elliptic boundary value problem defined on a smooth bounded domain involving the fractional Laplace operator, a concave-convex powers term together with mixed Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions.
An inverse problem to determine a space-dependent factor in a semilinear time-fractional diffusion equation is considered. Additional data are given in the form of an integral with the Borel measure over the time. Uniqueness of the solution of the inverse problem is studied. The method uses a positivity principle of the corresponding differential equation that is also proved in the paper.
In this paper we show that there exist two different critical exponents for global small data solutions to the semilinear fractional diffusive equation with Caputo fractional derivative in time. The second critical exponent appears if the second data is assumed to be zero. This peculiarity is related to the fact that the order of the equation is fractional. To prove our result, we first derive Lr-Lq linear estimates for the solution to the inhomogeneous linear Cauchy problem and then we apply a contraction argument.
We prove existence of weak solutions to the obstacle problem for semilinear wave equations (including the fractional case) by using a suitable approximating scheme in the spirit of minimizing movements. This extends the results in [9], where the linear case was treated. In addition, we deduce some compactness properties of concentration sets (e.g. moving interfaces) when dealing with singular limits of certain nonlinear wave equations.
We study the Cauchy problem for the semilinear fractional heat equation $u_{t}=\triangle^{α/2}u+f(u)$ with non-negative initial value $u_{0}\in L^{q}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ and locally Lipschitz, non-negative source term $f$. For $f$ satisfying the Osgood-type condition $\int_{1}^{\infty}\frac{ds}{f(s)}=\infty$, we show that there exist initial conditions such that the equation has no local solution in $L^{1}_{loc}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$.
We investigate the monotonicity method for fractional semilinear elliptic equations with power type nonlinearities. We prove that if-and-only-if monotonicity relations between coefficients and the derivative of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map hold. Based on the strong monotonicity relations, we study a constructive global uniqueness for coefficients and inclusion detection for the fractional Calderón type inverse problem. Meanwhile, we can also derive the Lipschitz stability with finitely many measurements. The results hold for any $n\geq 1$.
We derive a blow-up dichotomy for positive solutions of fractional semilinear heat equations on the whole space. That is, within a certain class of convex source terms, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition on the source for all positive solutions to become unbounded in finite time. Moreover, we show that this condition is equivalent to blow-up of all positive solutions of a closely-related scalar ordinary differential equation.
We study global uniqueness in an inverse problem for the fractional semilinear Schrödinger equation $(-Δ)^{s}u+q(x,u)=0$ with $s\in (0,1)$. We show that an unknown function $q(x,u)$ can be uniquely determined by the Cauchy data set. In particular, this result holds for any space dimension greater than or equal to $2$. Moreover, we demonstrate the comparison principle and provide a $L^\infty$ estimate for this nonlocal equation under appropriate regularity assumptions.
Let $0<α<2$ be any real number. In this paper, we investigate the following semilinear equations involving the fractional Laplacian \begin{equation}(-\bigtriangleup)^{α/2} u(x)=f(u),\end{equation} on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $\mathbb{R}^n_+$. Applying a direct method of moving planes for the fractional Laplacian, we prove symmetry and nonexistence of positive solutions on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $\mathbb{R}^n_+$ under mild conditions on $f$.
For the following semilinear equation with Hilfer- Hadamard fractional derivative \begin{equation*} \mathcal{D}^{α_1,β}_{a^+} u-Δ\mathcal{D}^{α_2,β}_{a^+} u-Δu =\vert u\vert^p, \qquad t>a>0, \qquad x\inΩ, \end{equation*} where $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^N$ $(N\geqslant 1)$, $p>1$, $0<α_{2}<α_{1}<1$ and $0<β<1$. $\mathcal{D}^{α_i,β}_{a^+}$ $(i=1,2)$ is the Hilfer- Hadamard fractional derivative of order $α_i$ and of type $β$, we establish the necessary conditions for the existence of global solutions.
In this manuscript we consider a non-local porous medium equation with non-local diffusion effects given by a fractional heat operator \begin{equation*} \partial_t u = \mbox{div}(u\nabla p),\qquad \partial_t p = -(-Δ)^s p + u^2, \end{equation*} in three space dimensions for $3/4\le s < 1$ and analyze the long time asymptotics. The proof is based on energy methods and leads to algebraic decay towards the stationary solution $u=0$ and $\nabla p=0$ in the $L^2(\mathbb{R}^3)$-norm. The decay rate depends on the exponent $s$. We also show weak-strong uniqueness of solutions and continuous dependenc…
We study bounded solutions to the fractional equation $(-Δ)^s u + u - |u|^{q-2}u = 0$ in $\mathbb R^n$ for $n\ge2$ and subcritical exponent $q>2$. Applying the variational approach based on concentration arguments and symmetry considerations which was introduced by Lerman, Naryshkin and Nazarov (2020) we construct several types of solutions with various structures (radial, rectangular, triangular, hexagonal, quasi-periodic, breather type, etc.).
In this paper, we investigate abstract time-fractional evolution equations with nonlinear perturbations. We construct solutions of Lipschitz perturbation problems in arbitrary large time interval independent of the Lipschitz constants. We will extend well-known results for standard evolution equations such as the blow-up alternative, to the time-fractional evolution equations. We also prove the differentiability with respect to time of the solution when the perturbation is sufficiently smooth. The differentiability enables us to use the maximum principle. The theory on general Banach spaces en…
We consider non-local in time semilinear subdiffusion equations on a bounded domain, where the kernel in the integro-differential operator belongs to a large class, which covers many relevant cases from physics applications, in particular the important case of fractional dynamics. The elliptic operator in the equation is given in divergence form with bounded measurable coefficients. We prove a well-posedness result in the setting of bounded weak solutions and study the stability and instability of the zero function in the special case where the nonlinearity vanishes at 0. We also establish a b…
This paper is concerned with the forward and inverse problems for the fractional semilinear elliptic equation $(-Δ)^s u +a(x,u)=0$ for $0<s<1$. For the forward problem, we proved the problem is well-posed and has a unique solution for small exterior data. The inverse problems we consider here consists of two cases. First we demonstrate that an unknown coefficient $a(x,u)$ can be uniquely determined from the knowledge of exterior measurements, known as the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. Second, despite the presence of an unknown obstacle in the media, we show that the obstacle and the coefficient ca…
For $γ>0$, we are interested in blow up solutions $u\in C^+(B)$ of the fractional problem in the unit ball $B$ \begin{equation}\label{2nov} \left\{\begin{array} {rcll} Δ^{\fracα{2}} u &=& u^γ&\ \text{in }B\\ u &=& 0&\ \text{in }B^c.\end{array}\right. \end{equation} We distinguish particularly two orders of singularity at the boundary: solutions exploding at the same rate than $δ^{1-\fracα{2}}$ ($δ$ denotes the Euclidean distance) and those higher singular than $δ^{1-\fracα{2}}.$ As a consequence, it will be shown that the classical Keller-Osserman condition can not be readopted in the fraction…
We study the existence of solutions to the fractional elliptic equation (E1) $(-Δ)^αu+εg(|\nabla u|)=ν$ in a bounded regular domain $Ω$ of $\R^N (N\ge2)$, subject to the condition (E2) $u=0$ in $Ω^c$, where $ε=1$ or $-1$, $(-Δ)^α$ denotes the fractional Laplacian with $α\in(1/2,1)$, $ν$ is a Radon measure and $g:\R_+\mapsto\R_+$ is a continuous function. We prove the existence of weak solutions for problem (E1)-(E2) when $g$ is subcritical. Furthermore, the asymptotic behavior and uniqueness of solutions are described when $ν$ is Dirac mass, $g(s)=s^p$, $p\geq 1$ and $ε=1$.
Let $Ω$ be a $\mathcal C^2$-bounded domain of $\mathbb R^d$, $d=2,3$, and fix $Q=(0,T)\timesΩ$ with $T\in(0,+\infty]$. In the present paper we consider a Dirichlet initial-boundary value problem associated to the semilinear fractional wave equation $\partial_t^αu+\mathcal A u=f_b(u)$ in $Q$ where $1<α<2$, $\partial_t^α$ corresponds to the Caputo fractional derivative of order $α$, $\mathcal A$ is an elliptic operator and the nonlinearity $f_b\in \mathcal C^1( \mathbb R)$ satisfies $f_b(0)=0$ and $|f_b'(u)|\leq C|u|^{b-1}$ for some $b>1$. We first provide a definition of local weak solutions of…
We study the asymptotic and qualitative properties of least energy radial sign-changing solutions to fractional semilinear elliptic problems of the form \[ \begin{cases} (-Δ)^s u = |u|^{2^*_s-2-\varepsilon}u &\text{in } B_R, \\ u = 0 &\text{in }\mathbb{R}^n \setminus B_R, \end{cases} \] where $s \in (0,1)$, $(-Δ)^s$ is the s-Laplacian, $B_R$ is a ball of $\mathbb{R}^n$, $2^*_s := \frac{2n}{n-2s}$ is the critical Sobolev exponent and $\varepsilon>0$ is a small parameter. We prove that such solutions have the limit profile of a "tower of bubbles", as $ \varepsilon \to 0^+$, i.e. the positive and…
In the present paper, we prove time decay estimates of solutions in weighted Sobolev spaces to the second order evolution equation with fractional Laplacian and damping for data in Besov spaces. Our estimates generalize the estimates obtained in the previous studies. The second aim of this article is to apply these estimates to prove small data global well-posedness for the Cauchy problem of the equation with power nonlinearities. Especially, the estimates obtained in this paper enable us to treat more general conditions on the nonlinearities and the spatial dimension than the results in the p…
We study integrability conditions for existence and nonexistence of a local-in-time integral solution of fractional semilinear heat equations with rather general growing nonlinearities in uniformly local $L^p$ spaces. Our main results about this matter consist of Theorems 1.4, 1.6, 5.1 and 5.3. We introduce a new supersolution which plays a crucial role. Our method does not rely on a change of variables, and hence it can be applied to a wide class of nonlocal parabolic equations. In particular, when the nonlinear term is $u^p$ or $e^u$, a local-in-time solution can be constructed in the critic…
In this paper, we consider the semilinear equation involving the fractional Laplacian in the Euclidian space $\mathbb{R}^n$: \begin{equation} (-Δ)^{α/2} u(x) = f(x_n) \,u^p(x), \quad x \in \mathbb{R}^n \label{n26} \end{equation} in the subcritical case with $1<p<\frac{n+α}{n-α}$. Instead of carrying out direct investigations on pseudo-differential equation (\ref{n26}), we first seek its equivalent form in an integral equation as below: \begin{equation} u(x)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^n}G_{\infty}(x,y)\,f(y_n)\, u^{p}(y)\,dy, \label{n27} \end{equation} where $ G_{\infty}(x,y)$ is the Green's function ass…
We prove the existence of a solution of (--$Δ$) s u + f (u) = 0 in a smooth bounded domain $Ω$ with a prescribed boundary value $μ$ in the class of positive Radon measures for a large class of continuous functions f satisfying a weak singularity condition expressed under an integral form. We study the existence of a boundary trace for positive moderate solutions. In the particular case where f (u) = u p and $μ$ is a Dirac mass, we prove the existence of several critical exponents p.
We study a time-fractional semilinear heat equation $$\partial^α_t u -Δu = u^{p},\ \ \mbox{in}\ (0,T)\times\mathbb{R}^N,\ \ u(0)=u_0\ge0$$ with $u_0\in L^{1}(\mathbb{R}^N)$ and $p=1+2/N$. Here $\partial_t^α$ denotes the Caputo derivative of order $α\in (0,1)$. Since the space $L^1(\mathbb{R}^N)$ is scale critical with $p=1+2/N$, this type of equation is known as a doubly critical problem. It is known that the usual doubly critical equation $\partial_t u-Δu=u^p$ does not have nonnegative global-in-time solutions, while the time-fractional problem does. Moreover, there exists a singular initial …
In this paper we obtain necessary conditions and sufficient conditions on the initial data for the solvability of the Cauchy problem $$ \partial_t u+(-Δ)^{\fracθ{2}}u=u^p,\quad x\in{\bf R}^N,\,\,t>0, \qquad u(0)=μ\ge 0\quad\mbox{in}\quad{\bf R}^N, $$ where $N\ge 1$, $0<θ\le 2$, $p>1$ and $μ$ is a Radon measure or a measurable function in ${\bf R}^N$. Our conditions lead optimal estimates of the life span of the solution with $μ$ behaving like $λ|x|^{-A}$ ($A>0$) at the space infinity, as $λ\to +0$.
This paper is devoted to the study of the existence of positive solutions for a problem related to a higher order fractional differential equation involving a nonlinear term depending on a fractional differential operator, $$(-Δ)^α u=λu+ (-Δ)^β|u|^{p-1}u \quad \mbox{in}\quad Ω;\qquad (-Δ)^{j}u=0\quad \mbox{on}\quad \partialΩ,\quad \mbox{for}\quad j\in\mathbb{Z},\: 0\leq j< [α]$$ where $Ω$ is a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$, $0<β<1$, $β<α<β+1$ and $λ>0$. In particular, we study the fractional elliptic problem, $$ (-Δ)^{α-β} u= λ(-Δ)^{-β}u+ |u|^{p-1}u \quad\mbox{in} \quad Ω;\qquad u=0 \quad…
In this paper, we give a full classification of the nonexistence of positive weak solutions to the semilinear elliptic inequality involving the fractional Hardy potential in punctured and in exterior domains. Our methods are self-contained and new. The main ideas and key ingredients will be discussed in the next section after Theorem 1.1 for punctured domains, and after Theorem 1.4 for exterior domains. We will also explain why all the previous methods and techniques do not apply to our general setting. Let us give here a foretaste of our line of attack: Based on the imbalance between the Hard…
We study the existence of weak solutions of (E) $ (-Δ)^αu+g(u)=ν$ in a bounded regular domain $Ω$ in $\R^N (N\ge2)$ which vanish on $\R^N\setminusΩ$, where $(-Δ)^α$ denotes the fractional Laplacian with $α\in(0,1)$, $ν$ is a Radon measure and $g$ is a nondecreasing function satisfying some extra hypothesis. When $g$ satisfies a subcritical integrability condition, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a weak solution for problem (E) for any measure. In the case where $ν$ is Dirac measure, we characterize the asymptotic behavior of the solution. When $g(r)=|r|^{k-1}r$ with $k$ supercritical,…
